Chapter 5 Medical Terminology and Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Abdominal quadrants

Answer 1

four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of pain or injury: the right upper quadrant (RUQ), the left upper quadrant (LUQ), the right lower quadrant (RLQ), and the left lower quadrant (LLQ).

Question 2

Acetabulum

Answer 2

The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint.

Question 3

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 3

The joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

Question 4

Acromion Process

Answer 4

The highest portion of the shoulder.

Question 5

Alveoli

Answer 5

The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstreams takes place.

Question 6

Anatomical position

Answer 6

The standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy. In this position, the body is standing erect, facing the observer, with arms down at the sides and the palms of the hands forward.

Question 7

Anatomy

Answer 7

The study of body structure

Question 8

Anterior

Answer 8

The front of the body or body part.

Question 9

Aorta

Answer 9

The largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation.

Question 10

Appendix

Answer 10

a small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, the function of which is not well understood, its inflammation, called appendicitis, is a common cause of abdominal pain.

Question 11

Arteriole

Answer 11

The smallest kind of artery.

Question 12

Artery

Answer 12

Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.

Question 13

Atria

Answer 13

the two upper chambers of the heart. There is a right atrium (Which receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and a left atrium ( which receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs).

Question 14

Automaticity

Answer 14

The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own.

Question 15

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions.

Question 16

Bilateral

Answer 16

on both sides.

Question 17

Bladder

Answer 17

The round sac-like organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine.

Question 18

Blood pressure

Answer 18

The pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure (the pressure in the artery) is measured. There are two types: diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure.

Question 19

Brachial artery

Answer 19

Artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checking during infant CPR.

Question 20

Bronchi

Answer 20

The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi. Singular bronchus.

Question 21

Calcaneus

Answer 21

The heel bone

Question 22

Capillary

Answer 22

A thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells takes place.

Question 23

Cardiac conduction system

Answer 23

A system of specialized muscle tissues that conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart beat.

Question 24

Cardiac muscle

Answer 24

Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart.

Question 25

Cardiovascular system

Answer 25

The system made up of the heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular); the circulatory system. Sometimes called the circulatory system.

Question 26

Carotid arteries

Answer 26

The large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head.

Question 27

Carpals

Answer 27

The wrist bones

Question 28

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 28

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 29

Central pulses

Answer 29

The carotid and femoral pulses, which can be felt in the central part of the body.

Question 30

Clavicle

Answer 30

The collarbone

Question 31

Combining form

Answer 31

A word root with an added vowel that can be joined with other words, roots, or suffixes to form a new word; for example, the combining from therm/o, which added to meter makes a new word thermometer.

Question 32

Compound

Answer 32

A word formed from two or more whole words; from example, the compound smallpox formed from small and pox.

Question 33

Coronary arterises

Answer 33

Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium)

Question 34

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 34

The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx.

Question 35

Cranium

Answer 35

The top, back, and sides of the skull.