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Cultural Anthropology > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Language

A

A symbolic system of sounds or gestures, put together according to a certain set of rules

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2
Q

What are the four types of communication ?

A

Olfactory, Tactile, Visual, Language

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3
Q

Characteristics of Human Language

A
  • Open system vs. Closed system
  • The ability to displace
  • Learned
  • Symbolic
  • Arbitrary
  • Discrete
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4
Q

What are symbols in Language?

A

Sounds or gestures that stand for meaning among a group of people

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5
Q

Signal

A

A sound or gesture that has a natural or self-evident meaning

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6
Q

Fixed action patterns

A

Behaviors that occurs in an identical fasion among most members of a species (though it may be limited to one sex or the other), is elicited by specfic enviornmental stimulus, and is typically more complex than reflex.

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7
Q

Emphasis of Lecture

A
  • Structure of language (descriptive linguestics)
  • Historical Linguistics
  • Language and culture (Ethnolinguistics)
  • Language in social contexts (Socialinguistics)
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8
Q

(Structure of language) Descriptive linguistics:

A

The branch of anthropological linguestics that studies how language are structured

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9
Q

6 levels of Language

A
  • discourse
  • Sentences
  • Phrases
  • Words
  • Morphemes
  • Phonemes
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10
Q

Phonology

A

Sutdy of the basic building blocsk of language and how they are combined

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11
Q

Phonetics

A

The study of the production, transmission, and reception of speech sounds

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12
Q

Two basic parts of language structure

A
  • Phonology
  • Grammar
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13
Q

Allophones

A

Different sounds belonging to the same class of phoneme

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14
Q

English has how many phonemes and in how many languages?

A

English has 46 phonemes in a range of 15-100 languages

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15
Q

Morpheme

A

Smallest units of sound that have meanings

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16
Q

Free-Morpheme

A

Morpheme that has meaning by itself

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17
Q

Bound Morpheme

A

Morpheme that only has meaning when attached to another morpheme

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18
Q

Allomorph

A

Variants of the same morpheme

19
Q

Grammar

A

the systematic ways that sounds are combined in any given language to send and receive meaningful utterances

20
Q

Three parts of Grammar

A
  • Morphology
  • Syntax
  • Lexicon
21
Q

Morphology

A

Rules governing how morphemes are formed into words

22
Q

Syntax

A

Principles guiding how words are arranged into phrases and sentences

23
Q

Lexicon

A

A dictionary containing all the morphemes and meanings within a language

24
Q

Frame substition

A

A method used to identify the syntatic unit of language

25
Q

Nonverbal communication

A

The various means by which humans send and receive messages without using words

26
Q

kinesics

A

The study of communication through body movements, gestures, stances, and facial expresses

27
Q

Paralanguage

A

The extralinguistic noises that accompany language, for example of crying or laughing

28
Q

Voice Qualities

A

The background characteristics of a speakers voice

29
Q

Vocalizations

A

identifiable paralinguistic noises that are turned on and off at perceivable nd relatvely short intervals

30
Q

Vocal characterizers

A

Sound production such as laughing or cyring that humas speak through

31
Q

Vocal Qualifiers

A

Sound productions of brief duration that modify utterances in terms of intensity

32
Q

Vocal Segregates

A

Sound productions that are similar to the sounds of language, but do not apperar in sequences that can properly be called words

33
Q

Historical linguistics

A

Focuses on how languages change over time and the realationship of languages to one another

34
Q

Language Families

A

Languages that derive from same protolanguage

35
Q

Protolanguage

A

A hypothesized ancestral language from which two or more languages seem to ahve derived

36
Q

Glottochronology

A

A method of dating divergence in branches of language families

37
Q

Core vocabulary

A

Nonspecialist vocabulary that generally includes pronouns, lower numbers, names of body parts, and natural objects

38
Q

Ethnolinguistics

A

The study of the relationship between language and culture

39
Q

Nuer

A

Pastoralist people of the Sudan

40
Q

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

A

The notion that a persons languages shapes her or his perceptions and view of the world.

41
Q

Socialinguistics

A

The branch of anthropological linguistics that studies how language and culture are related and how language is used in different social contexts

42
Q

Code switching

A

The practice of using different forms of language depending on the soical situation

43
Q

Dialects

A

Varying forms of a language that reflects particular regions or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible

44
Q
A

Cultural Anthropology (12 decks)

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