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Nat 5 2020-2022 > 1.2 b Bonding relating to properties > Flashcards

1.2 b Bonding relating to properties Flashcards

1
Q

Why do elements take part in reactions?

A

To achieve a full outer shell

To achieve a stable electron arrangement

To achieve a noble gas electron arrangement

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2
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A shared pair of electrons

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3
Q

What type of elements form covalent bonds?

( LO : 18 )

A

Noin - metal elements

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4
Q

What holds the atoms together when they form covalent bonds?

( LO : 17 )

A

The common (electrostatic) attraction the nuclei have for the shared pair of electrons.

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5
Q

How do non-metal atoms achieve a full outer shell when they react with one another?

A

They share unpaired electrons

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6
Q

Why do elements take part in reactions?

( L.O.19)

A

To achieve a full outer shell and achieve a noble gas electron arrangement.

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7
Q

How do non-metal atoms achieve a full outer shell when they react with one another?

( L.O.19)

A

They share unpaired electrons

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8
Q

What are the 7 elements that exist as diatomic molecules?

( L.O. 20)

A
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9
Q

What is meant by a diatomic molecule?

( L.O. 20)

A

A molecule made up of 2 atoms

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10
Q

What 4 shapes of molecules must we know?

( L.O 21)

A
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11
Q

What are the properties of covalent molecular substances?

( L.O. 24)

A
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12
Q

Why do covalent molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?

( L.O. 24)

A
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13
Q

Why do covalent network substances have high melting and boiling points?

A
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14
Q

What are the properties of covalent network substances?

A
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15
Q

What is a molecule?

A
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16
Q

Are covalent molecular substances soluble in any other liquids?

A

Yes. Hexane for example

17
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom which has lost or gained electron(s)

18
Q

What kind of elements take part in ionic bonding?

A

Metals reacting with non-metals

19
Q

Why do metals lose electrons to form positive ions?

A

To obtain a full outer shell

20
Q

How many electrons do metals lose to form ions?

A

The number of valence electrons that they have.

e.g Na loses 1

Mg loses 2

21
Q

What charge do metal ions have when they lose electrons?

A

They take on the corresponding positive charge as the number of electrons they lose.

e.g Mg loses 2 electrons to become Mg2+

22
Q

Why do non-metals form negative ions?

A

They gain electrons (-1 charge) to complete their outer shell.

23
Q

Why is water a “polar” molecule?

A
24
Q

Why are many ionic compounds soluble in water?

A
25
Q

Why do ionic substances conduct in solution but not in solid state?

A

The ions are free to move in solution but are trapped in the lattice in the solid

26
Q

Why do ionic compunds have high melting points?

A
27
Q

Do ionic substances conduct in

  1. Solid state
  2. Solution
  3. Liquid state
A
  1. No
  2. Yes
  3. Yes
28
Q

Recognising an ionic lattice

( LO 32)

A
29
Q

What is meant by a lattice?

A

A regular, repeating, 3-D structure.

30
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The breaking apart of an ionic substance using electricity

31
Q

What type of current is used in electrolysis and why?

A

DC current

To ensure separate products form at each electrode

32
Q

What happens at the negative electrode during electrolysis?

A

Reduction of metal ions into metal atoms.

Reduction is gain of electrons

33
Q

What happens at the positive electrode during electrolysis?

A

Oxidation

Negative ions lose electrons to form atoms (usually as molecules)

34
Q

Do ionic compounds have low or high melting points?

(LO 33)

A

High

35
Q

Why are many ionic compounds soluble in water?

( LO 34 )

A

Polar water molecules are able to attract the ions and break the lattice

36
Q

What is the conductivity of ionic substances?

( LO 35)

A

Nat 5 2020-2022 (18 decks)

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