Industrial Revolution & Reform

Question 1

Socialism

What was Socialism?

Answer 1

It is a system in which the government own the means of production and operate them for the welfare of all people.

• It was a Economic System.
• Everyone is equal
• works for the greater good

Question 2

Robert Owen

What did Robert Owen believe in?

Answer 2

He believed that if people lived in a good enviroment, they would cease to act selfishly.

• Workers shouldn’t be dependent on their employers; encouraged workers to form unions.

Question 3

Capitalism

What is Capitalism?

Answer 3

Money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit.

Economic System

Question 4

Unions

What were Unions?

Answer 4

Workers went on strikes to recieve better treatment. They were illegal in Britain until 1824. Strikes in other countries were illegal until 1870. Unions tried to form collective bargaining agreements.

Question 5

Karl Marx

What did Karl Marx think of the capitalistic system?

Answer 5

He thought that the capitalistic system should be changed/changes in history are from economic conditions.

Question 6

Karl Marx

Which kinds of people had caused struggle?

Answer 6

There’s a struggle between owners of property (Bourgeosie) and those who didn’t (proletariat).

Question 7

Karl Marx

Why did the Proletariat suffer?

Answer 7

Wealth is from labor, but laborers recieve only a small portion, while owners gained most. The Proletariat suffered from poverty and unemployment.

Question 8

Communism

Define Communism

Answer 8

It was part of the Political System.

• Everyone is equal
• Elimination of authoritative government
• live for the greater good

Opposite - Dictatorship

Question 9

Adam Smith

What book did Adam Smith write?

Answer 9

He wrote ‘The Wealth of Nations.’

Question 10

Adam Smith

What did Adam Smith believe in?

Answer 10

If individuals followed their own interests the world would be an orderly and progressive place.

Question 11

Adam Smith

What important rules did Adam Smith create?

Answer 11

He created: Supply and Demand, and Law of Competition

• Natural Laws
• Regulates all business

Question 12

David Ricardo

What book did Ricardo write?

Answer 12

He wrote ‘The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation,’ 1817

Question 13

David Ricardo

What did Ricardo believe in?

Answer 13

He believed that there would always be a lower class.

Question 14

David Ricardo

How did population affect wages?

Answer 14

The more population, the lower the wages were for workers

The lower the population, the higher the wages were for workers.

Question 15

Thomas Malthus

What did Malthus write?

Answer 15

He wrote ‘An Essay on the Principle of Population,’ 1798

Question 16

Thomas Malthus

How did Malthus view population?

Answer 16

He argued that population tended to increase faster than food supply. Without wars or epidemics to kill off people, we would all be poor and miserable. This was true during the 1840’s.

Question 17

Factory Acts

What were the Factory Acts?

Answer 17

1st: 1819- (*no enforcement)

• under 9 years old,no hire
• 9-13 years old, 8 hours daily
• 13-18 years old

2nd: 1830- Gave the government the ability to investigate and enforce the previous Act.

10 Hours Act: 1847- women and children could only work 10 hours maximum

Question 18

Jeremy Bentnam

What did Bentnam introduce?

Answer 18

He introduced the Philosophy of Utilitarianism

Question 19

Jeremy Bentnam

What book did Bentnam write?

Answer 19

He wrote, ‘An Introduction to the Basic Principles of Morals and Legislation’

Question 20

Jeremy Bentnam

What did Bentnam believe in?

Answer 20

• Judge people’s ideas, institutions, and actions by their usefulness
• Government should promote the greatest good for the greatest amount of people
• Individuals are free to pursue their own ideas without interference from the state

Question 21

Engels

Why was Engels sent to England?

Answer 21

He was sent to England to help manage his cotton factory in Manchester.

• He was shocked by the widespread of poverty
• Wrote ‘Condition of the Working Class in England’ (1844) as an account of what he saw
• Wrote ‘The Communist Manifesto’ with Marx, outlining ideas of an ideal society

Question 22

Charles Fourier & Saint Simon

Who were Charles Fourier & Saint Simon?

Answer 22

They were French Reformers.

Question 23

Charles Fourier & Saint Simon

Why did Charles Fourier & Saint Simon want to instate Socialism?

Answer 23

Because of the Industrial Revolution, they wanted to instate socialism:

• Factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all
• In human nature, every individual will want to operate for the good of society
• If the government planned out economy, it could eliminate poverty and injustice