utilitarianism Flashcards
1
Q
hedonic calculus
A
Intensity Duration Certainty Remoteness Fruitfulness Purity Extent
2
Q
Bentham
A
- teleological, normative ethical theorist
- relative and consequentialist
3
Q
utilitarianism
A
the act that produces the most happiness for the most people is the best act
4
Q
utility
A
how useful an actions result is
5
Q
rule utilitarian
A
adopting general rules about the kinds of action that tend to produce happiness
6
Q
the motivation of human beings
A
- pain and pleasure are the 2 sovereign masters
- pleasure is sole good
- pain is sole evil
7
Q
Mill
A
- the harm principle
- we have freedom as long as no one is harmed
- harm and offence are different
- must protect children and adults of not sound mind
8
Q
Roger Crisp
A
- life of a composer vs an oyster
- infinite life of simple pleasures for oyster
- short life of extreme pleasure for composer
9
Q
strengths of Bentham
A
- seeks the fairest result
- strong straightforward method
- secular
- universal
10
Q
weakness of Bentham
A
- can’t measure happiness
- can’t predict the outcome
- reductionist
- subjective
- ignores minority
11
Q
higher pleasures
A
social and aesthetics pursuits science understanding culture creativity
12
Q
lower pleasures
A
eating
drinking
sex
resting
13
Q
Kant’s view of ethics
A
- absolutist
- deontology based (act and duty)
- rationalist
- ethical realist
14
Q
Kant’s Axe
A
a sinister man knocks on your door asking for your friend, is it wrong to lie?
telling the truth is always right no matter what
15
Q
categorical imperative
A
- an absolute moral duty
- goes beyond consequences
- not based on intentions
= command that applies in all cases
