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Decks in this class (37)
pituitary
pituitary hormone dysregulation: distinguish between primary and secondary disease states relating to pituitary function, recall the individual pituitary hormone deficiency and excess states that can occur and explain how these are diagnosed and treated
23
cards
pituitary
panhypopituitarism: define the term panhypopituitarism, explain the causes, and recall the signs, symptoms and treatment
29
cards
pituitary
growth hormone deficiency: list the endocrine and non-endocrine causes of short stature, explain how a diagnosis of endocrine short stature is made, recall the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of human growth hormone and the rationale governing its use
33
cards
pituitary
acromegaly and gigantism: recall the signs and symptoms of growth hormone hypersecretion in adults and children, recall principles of diagnosis, and recall treatment options
29
cards
pituitary
hyperprolactinaemia: recall the clinical features of hyperprolactinaemia, recall principles of diagnosis and treatments
9
cards
pituitary
diabetes insipidus: recall the pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus (cranial vs nephrogenic), list the principle causes, recall and explain the clinical features, explain how diagnosis may be made, and recall treatment modalities
24
cards
pituitary
SIADH: recall the pathophysiology of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), list the principle causes, recall the clinical features and explain treatment options
25
cards
thyroid
hypothyroidism: list the causes of hypothyroidism, recall the clinical features, explain diagnosis, recall types of thyroid hormone replacement and their limitations
31
cards
thyroid
hyperthyroidism: list the causes of hyperthyroidism; recall the clinical features, explain the diagnosis, explain treatment options including mechanism of action, side effects, interactions and special circumstances (e.g. pregnancy); explain how to differentiate between Graves' disease and other causes of hyperthyroidism; recall the clinical features of a thyroid storm
57
cards
adrenals
Cushing's syndrome: list the clinical features, recall the causes, explain principles of diagnosis, recall investigations, and explain treatment options
23
cards
adrenals
Conn's syndrome: list the clinical features, recall the causes, explain principles of diagnosis and recall treatment options
10
cards
adrenals
phaeochromocytoma: list the clinical features and explain the management of a patient with a phaeochromocytoma
12
cards
adrenals
congenital adrenal hyperplasia: explain the hormonal consequences of specific adrenal enzyme deficiencies, explain the clinical features and investigation of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with reference to specific enzyme deficiencies
31
cards
adrenals
hypoadrenalism: explain the basis of the management of syndromes of adrenal insufficiency (including Addisons disease, pituitary-dependent (secondary) adrenal insufficiency, acute adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia); explain what protective measures should be undertaken for patients with adrenocortical insufficiency
6
cards
adrenals
corticosteroids: explain the main clinical uses of exogenous corticosteroids including mode of action; recall how exogenous corticosteroids differ
34
cards
gonads
hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis: explain the abnormalities in the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis (males and females) that cause primary and secondary hypogonadism
9
cards
gonads
male hypogonadism: explain the clinical features, causes, investigations and treatment of male hypogonadism; explain the clinical uses of testosterone including side effects
22
cards
gonads
amenorrhoea: Define amenorrhoea, list the causes, investigations and management
13
cards
gonads
polycystic ovary syndrome: List the diagnostic criteria, recall the clinical features, investigations and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
7
cards
gonads
prolactin: recall the regulation of prolactin secretion; list the causes, clinical features, investigation and treatment of hyperprolactinaemia
9
cards
gonads
menopause: define menopause and climacteric, explain the clinical features, summarise treatment options including the advantages and disadvantages
36
cards
gonads
oral contraceptive pill: identify the main components of combined oral contraceptives (COCs), explain their mechanism of action, list the unwanted side effects, and compare and contrast with post-coital (emergency) contraception and progesterone-only pill (POP)
16
cards
pregnancy and reproduction
spermatogenesis: explain the maturation and activation of the spermatozoon
17
cards
pregnancy and reproduction
fertilization and implantation: Explain the processes of fertilization, implantation and decidualization, including reference to the roles of specific hormones during these processes
23
cards
pregnancy and reproduction
hormones of pregnancy: explain the physiological roles of specific hormones in pregnancy, their sites of synthesis and how their circulating concentrations change throughout pregnancy
10
cards
pregnancy and reproduction
parturition and lactation: explain the hormonal regulation of parturition and lactation
6
cards
calcium and bone
calcium regulation: explain the hormonal regulation of blood calcium ion concentration; list the causes and clinical features of hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia
33
cards
calcium and bone
vitamin D: recall the synthesis of vitamin D, the role of vitamin D and its metabolites in calcium regulation; recall the clinical features of vitamin D deficiency, including predisposing factors; recall how renal dysfunction leads to bone disease; explain the mechanism and effects of vitamin D excess
49
cards
calcium and bone
osteoporosis: define osteoporosis, recall the risk factors and treatment options
32
cards
calcium and bone
Paget's disease of bone: recall the clinical, biochemical and radiological features of Paget's disease and treatment options
14
cards
appetite
hypothalamus and appetite: describe the major hypothalamic neuronal populations that regulate appetite, and how mutations in these systems can affect energy balance
10
cards
appetite
leptin: explain the role of leptin in regulating energy balance and reproduction
8
cards
appetite
gastrointestinal hormones and appetite: explain the role of gastrointestinal hormones in appetite regulation, with reference to their interaction with hypothalamic neural circuits
26
cards
appetite
obesity epidemic: recall theories which aim to explain the obesity epidemic in the context of the homeostatic control of energy balance
5
cards
diabetes
type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: define type 1 diabetes mellitus, recall the epidemiology, explain the aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations and explain the physiological basis of treatment
92
cards
diabetes
type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: define type 2 diabetes mellitus, recall the epidemiology, explain the aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations and explain the physiological basis of treatment
80
cards
diabetes
complications of diabetes: explain the development and presentations of microvascular and macrovascular disease, recall risk factors for developing these complications and explain their management including prevention
71
cards
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y2 lcrs endocrinology
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