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David O'Shea
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Decks in this class (40)
LO 1.0 - Discuss the Structure and Function of Typical Plant External and Internal Anatomy
What is the biosphere,
Biological organisationwhat are e...,
Biological organisationwhat are e...
27
cards
Final Exam Revision
What chemical elements make up mo...,
What chemical elements make up mo...,
What chemical elements make up mo...
34
cards
LO 1.1 - Cells, Tissues, Ground
Cells:
- Structure and function
- Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, chloroplasts
Tissues:
- Vascular
- Meristematic
Ground:
- Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
53
cards
LO 1.2 - Roots
- Function: primary and secondary
- True and adventitious
- Tap and fibrous
- Anatomy: Rootcap, epidermis, cortex and stele
- Modifications: aerial, stilt and tuberous
30
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LO 1.3 - Stems
Function: primary and secondary
Nodes, internodes, buds
Anatomy: Cuticle, epidermis, cortex, vascular bundles, pith
Modifications: thorns, rhizomes, stolons, corms and tubers
33
cards
LO 1.4 - Leaves
Function: primary and secondary
Structure: Simple and compound
Grass leaf structure: Blade, sheath, ligule and auricles
Anatomy: Cuticle and epidermis, palisade layer, mesophyll, stomata and guard cells
Modifications: Scale leaves, cotyledons, spines, bulbs, tendrils and floral leaves
0
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LO 1.5 - Flowers
Function: sexual reproduction
Structure: Sepals, petals, stamens, carpel and nectary
Bisexual and unisexual flowers
Male and female plants
Agents of pollination and effect on flower structure
0
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LO 1.6 - Comparing monocotyledons with dicotyledons
- Seedling cotyledon number
- Flower parts
- Stem tissue arrangement
- Leaf veination
- Root system
0
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LO 2.0 - Illustrate Secondary Thickening
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LO 2.1 - Meristems: primary and secondary
Zones:
- Meristematic, cell elongation and cell differentiation
- Vascular and interfascicular cambium
- Primary and secondary xylem and phloem
- Cork cambium
- Cork, bark and wood including annual rings.
0
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LO 3.0 - Outline Plant Processes and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors
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LO 3.1 - Photosynthesis
- Definition, function and plant parts involved
- Process and chemical formula
- Environmental factors affecting photosynthesis; light intensity, CO2 concentration, H2O availability,
temperature and leaf loss and how grower may modify
0
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LO 3.2 - Respiration
- Definition, function and plant parts involved
- Aerobic and anaerobic
- Process and chemical formula
- Environmental factors affecting respiration; time of day, stage of growth, temperature, oxygen
level and how grower may modify
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LO 3.3 - Transpiration
- Definition, function and plant parts involved
- Environmental factors affecting transpiration; light intensity, relative humidity, air movements,
temperature and soil water availability
- Internal factors affecting transpiration; stomatal behaviour, stomatal number, size and distribution,
presence of cuticle and presence of hairs
9
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LO 3.4 - Mineral and water uptake
- Function and plant parts involved
- Input: osmosis and active transport: energy requirements
- Movement across from root hairs to xylem
- Mechanisms of upward movement within xylem; capillarity, root-pressure ‘push’ and tension
cohesion ‘pull’
0
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LO 4.0 - Outline the Life Cycle and Development of Plants
0
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LO 4.1 - Seed structure and function
- seed coat, cotyledons, embryo (plumule, radicle) and endosperm
- Seedling variability
- Dormancy: definition and benefits for plant
- Types of seed dormancy and pre-conditioning to overcoming dormancy by grower
0
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LO 4.2 - Vegetative plant growth and vegetative propagation
- Cell division by mitosis
- Use: cloning
- Methods: tissue culture, cuttings, grafting, budding, layering and division
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LO 4.3 - Flowering plant and sexual reproduction
- Use: sexual reproduction results in seedling variation
- Cell division by meiosis
- Pollination: definition, methods(self and cross) and agents (wind, insect, water)
- Fertilisation: definition and result
- Fruit formation and seed
0
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LO 4.4 - Fruiting plant and fruit classification
- Function of fruit
- Classification of fruit – dry or fleshy: simple, aggregate and multiple
- Dehiscence or indehiscence
- Seed dispersal – wind, water, animals, explosive dehiscence
0
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LO 5.0 - Describe the Functions and Role of Plant Hormones
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LO 5.1 - Auxin
- Promote growth, apical dominance and bending towards light
- Synthetic rooting ‘hormone’ substances
0
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LO 5.2 - Cytokinins
- Plant growth, cell division
- Regulate height of plants
0
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LO 5.3 - Gibberellins
- Stimulate flowering, seedless fruits
- Break dormancy
0
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LO 5.4 - Abscisic acid
– leaf and fruit fall
0
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LO 5.5 - Ethylene
- role in fruit ripening and as a thinning agent in orchards
0
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LO 5.6 - Role of synthetic hormones in plant production
- Rooting compounds (Indole acetic acid, Indolylbutyric acid),
- Lawn weedkillers, growth regulators and retardants,
- Anti-transpirants, for breaking dormancy and fruit ripening
0
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LO 6.0 - Apply Mendel’s Laws and Outline the Processes of Conventional Breeding
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LO 6.1 - Apply Mendel’s Laws of inheritance to mono hybrid crosses
- Explain the role of genes in affecting traits
- Explain dominant and recessive genes and alleles
- Genotype and phenotype
- Homozygous and heterozygous
- F1 and F2 generations
- Mendel’s first law: law of segregation
- Apply Mendel’s model for monohybrid inheritance for pea plant height to F2 generation
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LO 7.0 - Outline the Processes of Production of First Filial Generation of Hybrid Seed
0
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LO 7.1 - Identification and isolation of trait including
- Selfing and selection for 8-12 generations
- Inbred lines produced
- Cross pollination if inbred lines
- Heterosis or hybrid vigour
- Seed expensive and must be remade each year
- Benefits of F1 seeds
0
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LO 8.0 - Outline the Main Characteristics of Micro-organisms
0
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LO 8.1 - Fungi
Structure
- Hyphae and mycelium
- Parasites and saprophytes and examples
- Life cycle of fungus; bread mould and potato blight
Economic importance
- Harmful: ringworm, food poisoning, food spoilage, crop diseases
- Beneficial: composting, brewing, dairy products, antibiotics, mushroom industry, mycorrhizal
associations
0
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LO 8.2 - Bacteria
- Classification: rod, spherical and spiral
- Multiply asexually by binary fission
- Nutrition: lack chlorophyll, saprophyte or parasite
- harmful and beneficial effects
0
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LO 8.3 - Viruses
- Structure: acellular obligate parasites
- Sub microscopic size in relation to fungi or bacteria
- Transfer by vector; inactive outside the host body, can mutate quickly
- Examples: plant; black ring spot of cabbage, tomato mosaic, tulip flower streak
- human viruses e.g. mumps, chickenpox measles, polio, common cold
0
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LO 9.0 - Investigate the system of plant classification
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LO 9.1 - Principles
- Taxonomy
- Carl Linnaeus
- International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
- Universally accepted system
0
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LO 9.2 - Divisions in the plant kingdom
- According to place in evolutionary history
- Single celled aquatic to multicellular terrestrial
- Division, class, order, family, genus, species, variety or cultivar
- Basic unit: species
- Spermatophyta: seed bearing plants
- Gymnosperms and angiosperms including monocots and dicots
0
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LO 9.3 - Binomial system of nomenclature
- Rationale for using scientific name instead of common name
- Why use Latin
- Genus and species; varieties and cultivars
- Writing, formatting and spelling conventions
- Why names keep changing
0
cards
LO 9.4 - Naming of hybrids
- Designation of hybrid using X
- Interspecific and intergeneric hybrids
- Chimaera; use + sign
0
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l5 - 2 - plant science
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