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Zach Add
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Decks in this class (89)
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
The surface area refers to the,
The volume refers to the,
As the surface area and volume of...
7
cards
Practical Skill: Agar Blocks
The effect of changing surface ar...,
Step 1 coloured agar is made up a...,
Step 2 of these cubes is ca
8
cards
Adaptations In Large Organisms to Facilitate Exchange
Single celled organisms have a sa...,
The large surface area allows for,
The small volume means
12
cards
The Relationship between Surface Area: Volume Ratio & Metabolic Rate
The metabolic rate of an organism...,
The basal metabolic rate bmr is the,
During periods of rest the body o...
9
cards
Adaptations of Gas Exchange Surfaces
Across the body surface of a sing...,
Effective exchange surfaces in or...,
3
cards
Tracheal System of an Insect
All insects possess a rigid exosk...,
Insects have evolved a breathing ...,
A spiracle is an it allows
14
cards
gill of fish
Oxygen dissolves less readily in ...,
Fish have a series of on each sid...,
On the surface of each filament t...
11
cards
Leaves of Dicotyledonous Plants structure
In order to carry out photosynthe...,
There is only roughly 0036 co2 in...,
Waterproof
7
cards
Leaves of Dicotyledonous Plants
What does a waxy cuticle do,
What does the upper epidermis do,
Palisade mesophyll layer what doe...
8
cards
Compromises between Gas Exchange & Water Loss
The exchange of gases from the at...,
Water has a range of vital functi...,
Scientists have observed in organ...
4
cards
Terrestrial Insects
Terrestrial insects,
Insects possess a waterproof exos...,
The waterproof waxy coating of th...
6
cards
Xerophytic Plants
Plants that live in conditions wi...,
Plants that live in conditions wi...,
Plants that live in conditions wh...
8
cards
Cacti
Cacti are well studied xerophytes...,
Photosynthesis occurs in the phot...,
The stem has a thick cuticle and ...
5
cards
Marram Grass
Sand dunes are another example of...,
The rolling of the leaf provides ...,
The exposed surface has no and a ...
8
cards
Ventilation in fish
The ventilation mechanism in fish...,
When the fish open their mouth th...,
The fish then raises the floor of...
6
cards
Ventilation & Gas Exchange summaru
Gas exchange in the lungs requires a,
Ventilation in the lungs and the ...,
The movements involved in breathi...
6
cards
Breathing In
The breathing in process causes t...,
Mechanism when at rest what does ...,
Mechanism when exercising
6
cards
The Process of Digestion
Digestion is a process in which,
Enzymes are essential for the pro...,
These small soluble molecules suc...
6
cards
Human Digestive System
The human digestive system includ...,
Glands the salivary glands and gl...,
The stomach and small intestine t...
6
cards
mouth
Why does the mouth contain teeth,
What enzyme does the mouth saliva...,
Food is shaped into a by the tong...
4
cards
Oesophagus
Wjat is the oesophagus and what d...,
Contractions of what in the oesop...,
3
cards
stomach
What enzymes are contained in sto...,
Glandular tissue in the stomach p...,
Muscle tissue food mixing it with
5
cards
small intestine
What are the three sections of th...,
The space in which food passes is...,
The wall of the small intestine c...
7
cards
Large intestine
What happens in the large intestine,
Undigested food is stored in the ...
2
cards
Enzymes in Digestion
Enzymes are substrate specific me...,
Digestive enzymes are enzymes the...,
There are three main types of dig...
4
cards
Digestion of Carbohydrates by Amylases and Membrane-bound Disaccharidases
The digestion of carbohydrates ta...,
What hydrolyses starch and what d...,
Maltose is then hydrolysed into b...
9
cards
Digestion of Proteins by Proteases
Protein digestion begins in the,
A protease enzyme called an endop...,
Endopeptidase this enzyme is secr...
10
cards
heart
Pulmonary artery,
The heart is a,
Coronary arteries
7
cards
human heart
The left and right sides of the h...,
Valves in the heart open when clo...
7
cards
heart pathway
Pathway of blood in the heart sta...,
From vena cava where does the blo...,
From the right ventricle where do...
5
cards
Walls of the heart
Whose muscular wall are thinner a...,
When the atria contract the thin ...,
In contrast the walls of the vent...
6
cards
atrial contraction
The walls of the atria contract w...,
The atria contraction causes the ...,
There is a slight increase in ven...
6
cards
The Cardiac Cycle
The cardiac cycle is,
The contraction of the heart is c...,
While the relaxation of the heart...
10
cards
Ventricular contraction
The walls of the ventricles contr...,
The pressure in the ventriclesabo...,
The pressure in the ventricles ri...
7
cards
Ventricle and atria relaxing
The ventricles and atria are both...,
The atria continue to,
Pressure in the atria rises above...
7
cards
Arteries
Arteries,
Arteries must be able to withstan...,
The wall of the artery is it has ...
5
cards
veins
Veins,
In contrast veins receive blood t...,
The wall of the vein is relativel...
6
cards
Arterioles
Arterioles,
Arterioles can contract and parti...,
Unlike arteries arterioles have a...
4
cards
Capillaries & Tissue Fluid
Capillaries are another type of b...,
They can form networks called whi...,
Capillaries have a diameterwhich ...
8
cards
Tissue fluid
Plasma is,
Plasma is largely composed of wat...,
How is tissue fluid made
5
cards
Formation of tissue fluid
How much liquid leaves the plasma...,
When blood is at the arteriole en...,
Proteins remain in the blood the ...
8
cards
Formation of lympth
Some tissue fluid re enters the c...,
The lymph capillaries are separat...,
Larger molecules that are not abl...
9
cards
haemoglobin
What kind of protein is haemoglobin,
What is haemoglobin is found in,
Haemoglobin comprises
9
cards
Mass transport
The need for a circulatory system...,
To solve this problem their excha...,
Mass transport is
5
cards
haemoglobin function
Haemoglobin is responsible for bi...,
As oxygen is not very soluble in ...,
The existence of the iron ii ion ...
4
cards
The Role of Haemoglobin Transport of oxygen
The majority of oxygen transporte...,
Oxygen haemoglobin,
4o2 hb
5
cards
The Oxygen Dissociation Curve
The oxygen dissociation curve sho...,
Partial pressure of oxygen refers...,
Haemoglobin is referred to as bei...
8
cards
Oxygen dissociation curve
After the first oxygen molecule b...,
Due to the shape of the haemoglob...,
As the haemoglobin molecule appro...
8
cards
Risk factors and the incidence of cardiovascular disease
Coronary heart disease chd includ...,
The main risk factors for chd inc...,
3
cards
Correlations & Causal Relationships - The Heart
Correlation is an,
Causation occurs when,
There is a clear distinction betw...
5
cards
Formation of tissue fluid pt 2
When blood is at the arteriole en...,
When blood is at the arteriole en...,
At the venule end of the capillar...
6
cards
Dissection
Apparatus techniques dissectiondi...,
Apparatus,
Methoda lab coat gloves and eye p...
5
cards
three way taps
Apparatus techniques three way ta...,
Three way taps allow for,
Potometers when used with a water...
5
cards
alveolar epithelium
The exchange of oxygen and carbon...,
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exc...,
The air in the alveoli contains a...
11
cards
Breathing in
The breathing in process causes t...,
As a result of all this air moves,
The diaphragm
4
cards
Breathing out
When at rest breathing out occurs...,
External intercostal muscles,
The recoil of elastic fibres surr...
6
cards
Maths Skill: PVR
The volume of air within the lung...,
Tidal volume is,
Breathing rate is
5
cards
The Effects of Lung Disease
Lung cancercancer occurs if,
Tumours develop if mutations occu...,
This causes uncontrolled mitosis ...
11
cards
Pollution and smoking
Exposure to pollution and smoking...,
Environmental pollution sources i...,
Smokingchemicals in cigarettes in...
6
cards
Evaluating Data on Lung Disease\
A risk factor is any,
The incidence of disease describe...,
Prospective studies involve colle...
13
cards
\Correlations & Causal Relationships
Correlation is,
Causation,
Gnising correlations and causal r...
4
cards
Digestion of Lipids by Lipases
Emulsificationthere are several s...,
When the fatty liquid arrives in ...,
The bile salts bind to the fatty ...
7
cards
Enzymes
Amylase substrate where its produ...,
Maltase,
Endopeptidase substrateproduced i...
6
cards
Practical Skill: Investing Factors Affecting Enzyme Reaction Rates
Limitations,
You can test for bile affecting e...
2
cards
Mechanisms of Absorption
Digestion breaks down food into t...,
The absorption of amino acids and...,
3
cards
Co-transport Mechanisms for the Absorption of Amino acids and Monosaccharides Absorption of Amino Acids
Hey transport amino acids only wh...,
Specific amino acid co transport ...,
For every sodium ion that is tran...
6
cards
Absorption of Monosaccharides
The glucose carrier proteins in t...,
Sodium ions and glucose molecules...,
The glucose molecules diffuse acr...
4
cards
The Role of Micelles in the Absorption of Lipids\
The products of lipid digestion are,
Absorption of these products is s...,
What does the formation of micell...
12
cards
Practical Skill: Visking Tubing Investigating the absorption of the products of digestion using Visking tubing
Visking tubing sometimes referred...,
It is sometimes used to model the...,
Pores in the membrane are small e...
7
cards
The Bohr Shift
Bohr effect or bohr shiftis,
When the partial pressure of carb...,
When the partial pressure of carb...
6
cards
Cardiac output
Cardiac output co is the term use...,
Individuals who are fitter often ...,
Cardiac output increases when an ...
8
cards
Animal Adaptations For Their Environment
Different types of haemoglobinhae...,
Environmental factors can have a ...,
Effects of altitudethe partial pr...
10
cards
Water & Mineral Ion Transport: Pathways & Mechanisms
Within a plant mineral ions and o...,
The plant roots are responsible f...,
The uptake of water is a passive ...
7
cards
Apoplast pathway
Most water travels via the pathway,
What is the apoplast pathway,
What process does water move down...
8
cards
Symplast pathway
A smaller volume of water travels...,
In symplast what process the wate...,
Is water in the symlast travellin...
4
cards
Transpiration
The movement of water through a p...,
Adhesion meaning in water,
Cohesive meaning in water
6
cards
Movement of water through leaves
The water vapour lost by transpir...,
The water within the mesophyll ce...,
This transpiration pull results i...
9
cards
stomata
Guard cells open the stomata when...,
Transpiration is mainly controlle...,
When the stomata are open there i...
6
cards
Factors that affect transpiration
What factors affect the rate of t...,
How does light intensity affect t...,
How does humidity affect transpir...
7
cards
Potometer
First step cut a shoot,
Step 2place the shoot in the set ...,
Third step dry the of the shootwhy
12
cards
Movement in the Phloem
What is translocation,
The liquid that is being transpor...,
This phloem sap consists of
8
cards
The Sucrose Loading Mechanism
Carbohydrates are generally trans...,
Loading of assimilates eg sucrose...,
If the sucrose molecules are taki...
11
cards
Unloading of assimilates (eg. sucrose
The unloading of the assimilates ...,
Scientists believe that the unloa...,
To maintain a concentration gradi...
5
cards
The Mass Flow Hypothesis
The mass flow hypothesis was mode...,
The mass flow hypothesis was the ...,
Mass flow hypothesis step 1
5
cards
Evaluating Data Linked to Mass Flow Hypothesis
The mechanism of transport that o...,
If the mass flow hypothesis is co...,
3
cards
Evidence supporting mass flow
When the phloem sieve tube is pun...,
Phloem sap taken from near a sour...,
When a plant virus is applied to ...
5
cards
Evidence against mass flow
The rate of translocation of diff...,
Some scientists have conducted ex...,
It has been suggested that some s...
3
cards
Tracer & Ringing Experiments
Tracer and ringing experiments ha...,
Step 1as the phloem is located to...,
Step 2 after the ringing has been...
8
cards
Results from a ringing experiment with radioactive carbon dioxide
An experiment was carried out in ...,
The results from the experiment s...,
Radioactive tracers can also be u...
3
cards
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