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as/a-level biology

This class was created by Brainscape user Maisie Lygo. Visit their profile to learn more about the creator.

By: Maisie Lygo
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Decks in this class (190)

BM: Carbohydrates
Why is,
Carbon containing molecules are k...,
What is a monomer
67  cards
BM: Lipids
Name three types of lipids,
What characteristics do all lipid...,
What are triglycerides made of
29  cards
BM: Proteins
What are proteins made of,
What are amino acids,
What is formed when two amino aci...
37  cards
BM: Enzyme Action
What are enzymes,
What are catalysts,
What do enzymes catalyse at what ...
25  cards
BM: Factors Affecting Enzyme Action
What factors affect enzyme activity,
Draw a graph showing how temperat...,
Draw a graph showing how ph affec...
14  cards
BM: Enzyme-Controlled Reactions
Describe an experiment
1  cards
BM: DNA & RNA
Name two types of nucleic acid,
What does dna stand for,
What does rna stand for
32  cards
BM: DNA Replication
How does dna replicate what does ...,
What are the four requirements ne...,
Explain the process of semi conse...
18  cards
BM: Water
What is a metabolic reaction,
What is a metabolite,
What percentage of a cells conten...
17  cards
BM: ATP
How do plant and animal cells rel...,
Can a cell get its energy directl...,
What does atp stand for
10  cards
BM: Inorganic Ions
What is an ion,
Ion with a positive charge,
Ion with a negative charge
17  cards
CELLS: Eukaryotic Cells
Describe eukaryotic cells,
Describe prokaryotic cells,
Describe prokaryotic cells
95  cards
CELLS: Diagrams to Label
Eukaryotic Specialisation
15  cards
CELLS: Prokaryotic Cells
Label this bacterial cell,
Describe the differences between ...,
Murein
18  cards
CELLS: Viruses
What are viruses in their simples...,
How big is a hiv virus,
How big are viruses in comparison...
18  cards
CELLS: Analysing Cell Components
Magnification,
Resolution,
What are the two main types of mi...
23  cards
CELLS : Mitosis/Cancer
What is mitosis,
What are the products of mitosis,
What is mitosis needed for
33  cards
CELLS: Investigating Mitosis
Describe how root tips can be use...,
Describe how to use an optical mi...,
How do you calculate mitotic index
3  cards
CELLS: Cell Membrane Structure
Describe the permeability of cell...,
How can substances move across th...,
What model was proposed in 1972
32  cards
CELLS: Diffusion
What is diffusion,
In diffusion can particles diffus...,
What is the concentration gradient
21  cards
CELLS: Osmosis
Osmosis,
Water potential,
Isotonic
14  cards
CELLS: Active Transport
Active transport,
The movement of molecules or ions...,
In active transport what is atp u...
20  cards
CELLS: The Immune System
What are antigens,
Where are antigens usually found ...,
What are pathogens
50  cards
CELLS: Vaccines and Immunity
What is immunity,
What are the two forms of immunity,
What is passive immunity
33  cards
CELLS: Antibodies in Medicine
What are monoclonal antibodies,
Why are monoclonal antibodies use...,
Give three examples of how monocl...
20  cards
CELLS: Vaccine and Antibody Data
Ethical issues surrounding vaccines,
Ethical issues surrounding monocl...
2  cards
CELLS: HIV and Viruses
What does hiv stand for,
What is,
If untreated what can hiv progres...
32  cards
GI: DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
How does dna exist in eukaryotic ...,
Within eukaryotic cells what else...,
What is dna wound around in eukar...
30  cards
GI: RNA and Protein Synthesis
When is mrna made,
What does mrna do,
Mrna
19  cards
GI: Genetic Code and Nucleic Acids
Genetic code,
How is genetic code read,
Give three characteristics of the...
11  cards
GI: Meiosis and Genetic Variation
Gametes,
What happens when gametes join to...,
Zygote
19  cards
GI: Mutations
What do gene mutations involve,
What does the degenerate nature o...,
Will deletions always result in a...
4  cards
GI: Genetic Diversity and Natural Selection
Lots of different alleles means w...,
Genetic diversity,
How is genetic diversity within a...
14  cards
GI: Investigating Selection
How to investigate the effects of...,
What aseptic techniques should be...
2  cards
GI: Classification of Organisms
Phylogeny,
What does a phylogenetic tree show,
Taxonomy
11  cards
GI: DNA Technology, Classification and Diversity
What 3 technological advancements...,
How can genome sequencing be used...,
How can comparing amino acid sequ...
5  cards
GI: Investigating Variation
Why should your sample be random,
Why should results be analysed st...,
Standard deviation
7  cards
GI: Biodiversity
Biodiversity,
Habitat,
Community
10  cards
E&T: Size and Surface Area
Describe the sa v ratio for small...,
Why do multicellular organisms ne...,
How does body size affect heat ex...
7  cards
E&T: Gas Exchange in Insects
What two things do most gas excha...,
How do single cellec organisms ab...,
In single celled organisms why is...
35  cards
E&T: Gas Exchange in Humans
Describe the key components of th...,
What are the two layers of interc...,
What are the two stages of ventil...
12  cards
E&T: Effects of Lung Disease
Tidal volume,
Ventilation rate,
Forced expiratory volume
22  cards
E&T: Dissecting Gas Exchange Systems
How would you dissect fish gills,
What are some ethical issues invo...
2  cards
E&T: Digestion and Absorption
What are carbohydrates broken dow...,
Amylase,
Where is amylase produced
29  cards
E&T: Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin,
Describe haemoglobins affinity fo...,
Describe the reaction between oxy...
18  cards
E&T: Circulatory System
What do arteries transport,
What are 3 characteristics of art...,
Why is it useful that the walls o...
15  cards
E&T: Heart
In general what does the heart co...,
What does the right side of the h...,
What does the left side of the he...
40  cards
E&T: Cardiovascular Disease
What do most heart diseases start...,
Describe atheroma formation,
Atheroma
19  cards
E&T: Transport in Plants - Xylem and Phloem
Xylem tissue transports what,
Phloem tissue transports what,
Xylem vessels
23  cards
EN: Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP
Give examples of things plants ne...,
Give examples of things animals n...,
What is the overall equation for ...
50  cards
EN: Photosynthesis
Where does photosynthesis take place,
Chloroplasts,
Thylakoids
56  cards
EN: Limiting Factors in Photosynthesis
For plants in the uk climates lik...,
What wavelengths of light can pho...,
In photosynthesis why is it optim...
11  cards
EN: Photosynthesis Experiments
How can you investigate the pigme...,
In addition to the photosynthetis...,
Tlc
10  cards
EN: Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration
What is the difference between ae...,
Briefly describe the process of g...,
Where does glycolysis occur
22  cards
EN: Aerobic Respiration
Link reaction,
Stage after glycolysis which conv...,
Where does the link reaction occur
32  cards
EN: Energy Transfer in Ecosystems
Producers,
Consumers,
Primary producer
46  cards
EN: Farming Practices and Production
Foodchains,
Trophic level,
Food webs
13  cards
EN: Nutrient Cycles
Natural ecosystem,
Extracellular digestion,
Saprobiotic nutrition
24  cards
EN: Fertilisers and Eutrophication
What happens to nutrients when cr...,
What happens to nutrients when an...,
What does the addition of a ferti...
12  cards
Respiration simplified:
What does respiration produce,
What is an respiration controlled...,
What is broken down to release at...
26  cards
Photosynthesis simplified:
What are the two stages of photos...,
Where does the light dependent re...,
Where does the light independent ...
34  cards
Nutrient cycle simplified:
What are producers in nutrient cy...,
What happens to energy between ea...,
How can the amount of biomass in ...
28  cards
I/E: Nervous Communication
Stimulus,
Receptors,
Effectors
20  cards
I/E: Responses in Plants/Animals
Tropism,
Positive tropism,
Negative tropism
23  cards
I/E: Receptors
How is the strength of the stimul...,
Mechanoreceptors,
Pacinian corpuscles
19  cards
I/E: Control of Heart Rate
Cardia muscle is myogenic what do...,
Sinoatrial nerve,
How does the
18  cards
I/E: Neurones
Describe the resting state of a n...,
What is the resting potential of ...,
What is the resting potential of ...
28  cards
I/E: Synaptic Transmission
How do synapses ensure that impul...,
How do nerve impulses transmit ac...,
What are the different types of n...
14  cards
I/E: Muscle Contraction
Skeletal muscles,
Ligaments,
What type of muscles are skeletal...
54  cards
I/E: Homeostasis
Homeostasis,
Why is homeostasis important,
What happens to enzymes if temper...
15  cards
I/E: Control of Blood Glucose Concentration
What is blood glucose monitored by,
What is the normal concentration ...,
What happens to blood glucose aft...
38  cards
I/E: The Kidneys
What are the main functions of th...,
Ultrafiltration,
Selective reabsorption
30  cards
I/E: Blood Water Potential
Osmoregulation,
What happens if the water potenti...,
What happens if the water potenti...
22  cards
G&E: Inheritance
Gene,
Allele,
Genotype
22  cards
G&E: Linkage and Epistasis
Sex linked characteristics,
Why are males more likely to show...,
Give an example of a sex linked d...
8  cards
G&E: Chi-squared test
What is the null hypothesis,
Chi squared test,
What do you compare the x2 value to
6  cards
G&E: Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Species,
Population,
Allele frequency
19  cards
G&E: Variation and Selection
What is the main source of geneti...,
Evolution
10  cards
G&E: Speciation & Genetic Drift
Speciation,
When does speciation occur,
Reproductively isolated
14  cards
G&E: Ecosystems
Habitat,
Population,
Community
18  cards
G&E: Variation in Population Size
How can abiotic conditions affect...,
What are the two type,
Interspecific competition
9  cards
G&E: Investigating Populations
What can be used to investigate n...,
Species frequency,
Describe how mark release recaptu...
5  cards
G&E: Succession
Succession,
Primary succession,
Secondary succession
14  cards
G&E: Conservation
Conservation,
Sustainable,
What is there often conflict between
5  cards
CGE: Mutations
Mutations,
How can the rate of mutations be ...,
Substitution
27  cards
CGE: Cancer
Acquired mutations,
What happens if mutations occur i...,
Tumour
22  cards
CGE: Interpreting Data on Cancer
Risk factors,
Genetic factors,
Environmental factors
9  cards
CGE: Stem Cells
Totipotent stem cells,
All specialised cells come from what,
Where can stem cells be found
40  cards
CGE: Regulation of Transcription and Translation
Transription,
Rna polymerase,
When a gene is copied from dna in...
20  cards
CGE: Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression
What can epigenetic control deter...,
How does epigenetic control work,
What do epigenetic marks do
17  cards
CGE: Evaluating Data on Phenotypes
What is the phenotype influenced by,
What type of studies can help to ...,
How do twin studies help us deter...
4  cards
CGE: Genome Projects and Making DNA Fragment
Genome,
What was the human genome project,
Improvements in technology have a...
30  cards
CGE: Amplifying DNA Fragments
What must happen after the dna fr...,
In vivo amplification,
What are the three steps of in vi...
26  cards
CGE: Using Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetic engineering,
Transformed organisms,
Transformed organisms can be made...
30  cards
CGE: Gene Probes and Medical Diagnosis
What can dna probes be used for,
Dna probes,
Describe how a single dna probe c...
13  cards
CGE: Genetic Fingerprinting
Variable number tandem repeats,
Genetic fingerprinting,
Why is the probability of two ind...
9  cards
Statistical tests
When is chi squared used,
When would the t test be used,
Spearman s rank
4  cards
digestion definitions
Lacteal,
Lumen,
Micelles
7  cards
BM: Lipids COPY
Name three types of lipids,
What characteristics do all lipid...,
What are triglycerides made of
29  cards
Statistical tests COPY
When is chi squared used,
When would the t test be used,
Spearman s rank
4  cards
CGE: Genetic Fingerprinting COPY
Variable number tandem repeats,
Genetic fingerprinting,
Why is the probability of two ind...
9  cards
CGE: Gene Probes and Medical Diagnosis COPY
What can dna probes be used for,
Dna probes,
Describe how a single dna probe c...
13  cards
CGE: Using Recombinant DNA Technology COPY
Genetic engineering,
Transformed organisms,
Transformed organisms can be made...
30  cards
CGE: Amplifying DNA Fragments COPY
What must happen after the dna fr...,
In vivo amplification,
What are the three steps of in vi...
26  cards
CGE: Genome Projects and Making DNA Fragment COPY
Genome,
What was the human genome project,
Improvements in technology have a...
30  cards
CGE: Evaluating Data on Phenotypes COPY
What is the phenotype influenced by,
What type of studies can help to ...,
How do twin studies help us deter...
4  cards
CGE: Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression COPY
What can epigenetic control deter...,
How does epigenetic control work,
What do epigenetic marks do
17  cards
CGE: Regulation of Transcription and Translation COPY
Transription,
Rna polymerase,
When a gene is copied from dna in...
20  cards
CGE: Stem Cells COPY
Totipotent stem cells,
All specialised cells come from what,
Where can stem cells be found
40  cards
CGE: Interpreting Data on Cancer COPY
Risk factors,
Genetic factors,
Environmental factors
9  cards
CGE: Cancer COPY
Acquired mutations,
What happens if mutations occur i...,
Tumour
22  cards
CGE: Mutations COPY
Mutations,
How can the rate of mutations be ...,
Substitution
27  cards
G&E: Conservation COPY
Conservation,
Sustainable,
What is there often conflict between
5  cards
BM: Carbohydrates COPY
Why is,
Carbon containing molecules are k...,
What is a monomer
67  cards
BM: Proteins COPY
What are proteins made of,
What are amino acids,
What is formed when two amino aci...
37  cards
BM: Enzyme Action COPY
What are enzymes,
What are catalysts,
What do enzymes catalyse at what ...
25  cards
BM: Enzyme-Controlled Reactions COPY
Describe an experiment
1  cards
BM: DNA & RNA COPY
Name two types of nucleic acid,
What does dna stand for,
What does rna stand for
32  cards
BM: DNA Replication COPY
How does dna replicate what does ...,
What are the four requirements ne...,
Explain the process of semi conse...
18  cards
BM: Water COPY
What is a metabolic reaction,
What is a metabolite,
What percentage of a cells conten...
17  cards
BM: ATP COPY
How do plant and animal cells rel...,
Can a cell get its energy directl...,
What does atp stand for
10  cards
BM: Inorganic Ions COPY
What is an ion,
Ion with a positive charge,
Ion with a negative charge
17  cards
CELLS: Eukaryotic Cells COPY
Describe eukaryotic cells,
Describe prokaryotic cells,
Describe prokaryotic cells
95  cards
G&E: Investigating Populations COPY
What can be used to investigate n...,
Species frequency,
Describe how mark release recaptu...
5  cards
G&E: Variation in Population Size COPY
How can abiotic conditions affect...,
What are the two type,
Interspecific competition
9  cards
G&E: Ecosystems COPY
Habitat,
Population,
Community
18  cards
G&E: Speciation & Genetic Drift COPY
Speciation,
When does speciation occur,
Reproductively isolated
14  cards
G&E: Variation and Selection COPY
What is the main source of geneti...,
Evolution
10  cards
G&E: Hardy-Weinberg Principle COPY
Species,
Population,
Allele frequency
19  cards
G&E: Chi-squared test COPY
What is the null hypothesis,
Chi squared test,
What do you compare the x2 value to
6  cards
G&E: Linkage and Epistasis COPY
Sex linked characteristics,
Why are males more likely to show...,
Give an example of a sex linked d...
8  cards
G&E: Inheritance COPY
Gene,
Allele,
Genotype
22  cards
I/E: Blood Water Potential COPY
Osmoregulation,
What happens if the water potenti...,
What happens if the water potenti...
22  cards
I/E: The Kidneys COPY
What are the main functions of th...,
Ultrafiltration,
Selective reabsorption
30  cards
I/E: Control of Blood Glucose Concentration COPY
What is blood glucose monitored by,
What is the normal concentration ...,
What happens to blood glucose aft...
38  cards
BM: Factors Affecting Enzyme Action COPY
What factors affect enzyme activity,
Draw a graph showing how temperat...,
Draw a graph showing how ph affec...
14  cards
CELLS: Diagrams to Label COPY
Eukaryotic Specialisation
15  cards
CELLS: Prokaryotic Cells COPY
Label this bacterial cell,
Describe the differences between ...,
Murein
18  cards
CELLS: Viruses COPY
What are viruses in their simples...,
How big is a hiv virus,
How big are viruses in comparison...
18  cards
I/E: Homeostasis COPY
Homeostasis,
Why is homeostasis important,
What happens to enzymes if temper...
15  cards
I/E: Muscle Contraction COPY
Skeletal muscles,
Ligaments,
What type of muscles are skeletal...
54  cards
I/E: Synaptic Transmission COPY
How do synapses ensure that impul...,
How do nerve impulses transmit ac...,
What are the different types of n...
14  cards
I/E: Neurones COPY
Describe the resting state of a n...,
What is the resting potential of ...,
What is the resting potential of ...
28  cards
I/E: Control of Heart Rate COPY
Cardia muscle is myogenic what do...,
Sinoatrial nerve,
How does the
18  cards
I/E: Receptors COPY
How is the strength of the stimul...,
Mechanoreceptors,
Pacinian corpuscles
19  cards
I/E: Responses in Plants/Animals COPY
Tropism,
Positive tropism,
Negative tropism
23  cards
I/E: Nervous Communication COPY
Stimulus,
Receptors,
Effectors
20  cards
EN: Fertilisers and Eutrophication COPY
What happens to nutrients when cr...,
What happens to nutrients when an...,
What does the addition of a ferti...
12  cards
EN: Nutrient Cycles COPY
Natural ecosystem,
Extracellular digestion,
Saprobiotic nutrition
24  cards
EN: Farming Practices and Production COPY
Foodchains,
Trophic level,
Food webs
13  cards
EN: Energy Transfer in Ecosystems COPY
Producers,
Consumers,
Primary producer
46  cards
EN: Aerobic Respiration COPY
Link reaction,
Stage after glycolysis which conv...,
Where does the link reaction occur
32  cards
EN: Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration COPY
What is the difference between ae...,
Briefly describe the process of g...,
Where does glycolysis occur
22  cards
EN: Photosynthesis Experiments COPY
How can you investigate the pigme...,
In addition to the photosynthetis...,
Tlc
10  cards
EN: Limiting Factors in Photosynthesis COPY
For plants in the uk climates lik...,
What wavelengths of light can pho...,
In photosynthesis why is it optim...
11  cards
EN: Photosynthesis COPY
Where does photosynthesis take place,
Chloroplasts,
Thylakoids
56  cards
EN: Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP COPY
Give examples of things plants ne...,
Give examples of things animals n...,
What is the overall equation for ...
50  cards
E&T: Transport in Plants - Xylem and Phloem COPY
Xylem tissue transports what,
Phloem tissue transports what,
Xylem vessels
23  cards
E&T: Cardiovascular Disease COPY
What do most heart diseases start...,
Describe atheroma formation,
Atheroma
19  cards
E&T: Heart COPY
In general what does the heart co...,
What does the right side of the h...,
What does the left side of the he...
40  cards
E&T: Circulatory System COPY
What do arteries transport,
What are 3 characteristics of art...,
Why is it useful that the walls o...
15  cards
E&T: Haemoglobin COPY
Haemoglobin,
Describe haemoglobins affinity fo...,
Describe the reaction between oxy...
18  cards
E&T: Digestion and Absorption COPY
What are carbohydrates broken dow...,
Amylase,
Where is amylase produced
29  cards
E&T: Dissecting Gas Exchange Systems COPY
How would you dissect fish gills,
What are some ethical issues invo...
2  cards
E&T: Effects of Lung Disease COPY
Tidal volume,
Ventilation rate,
Forced expiratory volume
22  cards
E&T: Gas Exchange in Humans COPY
Describe the key components of th...,
What are the two layers of interc...,
What are the two stages of ventil...
12  cards
E&T: Gas Exchange in Insects COPY
What two things do most gas excha...,
How do single cellec organisms ab...,
In single celled organisms why is...
35  cards
E&T: Size and Surface Area COPY
Describe the sa v ratio for small...,
Why do multicellular organisms ne...,
How does body size affect heat ex...
7  cards
GI: Biodiversity COPY
Biodiversity,
Habitat,
Community
10  cards
GI: Investigating Variation COPY
Why should your sample be random,
Why should results be analysed st...,
Standard deviation
7  cards
GI: DNA Technology, Classification and Diversity COPY
What 3 technological advancements...,
How can genome sequencing be used...,
How can comparing amino acid sequ...
5  cards
GI: Classification of Organisms COPY
Phylogeny,
What does a phylogenetic tree show,
Taxonomy
11  cards
GI: Investigating Selection COPY
How to investigate the effects of...,
What aseptic techniques should be...
2  cards
GI: Genetic Diversity and Natural Selection COPY
Lots of different alleles means w...,
Genetic diversity,
How is genetic diversity within a...
14  cards
GI: Mutations COPY
What do gene mutations involve,
What does the degenerate nature o...,
Will deletions always result in a...
4  cards
GI: Meiosis and Genetic Variation COPY
Gametes,
What happens when gametes join to...,
Zygote
19  cards
GI: Genetic Code and Nucleic Acids COPY
Genetic code,
How is genetic code read,
Give three characteristics of the...
11  cards
GI: RNA and Protein Synthesis COPY
When is mrna made,
What does mrna do,
Mrna
19  cards
GI: DNA, Genes and Chromosomes COPY
How does dna exist in eukaryotic ...,
Within eukaryotic cells what else...,
What is dna wound around in eukar...
30  cards
CELLS: HIV and Viruses COPY
What does hiv stand for,
What is,
If untreated what can hiv progres...
32  cards
CELLS: Vaccine and Antibody Data COPY
Ethical issues surrounding vaccines,
Ethical issues surrounding monocl...
2  cards
CELLS: Antibodies in Medicine COPY
What are monoclonal antibodies,
Why are monoclonal antibodies use...,
Give three examples of how monocl...
20  cards
CELLS: Vaccines and Immunity COPY
What is immunity,
What are the two forms of immunity,
What is passive immunity
33  cards
CELLS: The Immune System COPY
What are antigens,
Where are antigens usually found ...,
What are pathogens
50  cards
CELLS: Active Transport COPY
Active transport,
The movement of molecules or ions...,
In active transport what is atp u...
20  cards
CELLS: Osmosis COPY
Osmosis,
Water potential,
Isotonic
14  cards
CELLS: Diffusion COPY
What is diffusion,
In diffusion can particles diffus...,
What is the concentration gradient
21  cards
CELLS: Investigating Mitosis COPY
Describe how root tips can be use...,
Describe how to use an optical mi...,
How do you calculate mitotic index
3  cards
CELLS : Mitosis/Cancer COPY
What is mitosis,
What are the products of mitosis,
What is mitosis needed for
33  cards
CELLS: Analysing Cell Components COPY
Magnification,
Resolution,
What are the two main types of mi...
23  cards

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