A Level Biology Flashcards

Decks in this Class (102):

• 22 Carbohydrates

  2.2 Carbohydrates

  Sample Cards:

  why do we need carbohydrates,

  what are carbohydrates made up of,

  what type of compounds are carbohydrates
  38 Cards
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• 22 Lipids

  2.2 Lipids

  Sample Cards:

  what are organic solvents,

  what atoms are lipids made of,

  what are lipids are they soluble or inso
  37 Cards
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• 22 Water

  2.2 Water

  Sample Cards:

  what to the hydrogen and oxygen share,

  why does the oxygen pull the electrons c,

  what is the the charge of the oxygen
  24 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 21 Eukaryotic Cells

  2.1 Eukaryotic cells

  Sample Cards:

  where are eukaryotic cells found,

  where are prokaryotic cells found,

  what is the function of the nucleus
  62 Cards
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• 22 Proteins

  2.2 Proteins

  Sample Cards:

  what are globular proteins,

  are globular proteins soluble or insolub,

  give an example of a globular protein
  50 Cards
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• 22 Nucleic Acids

  2.2 Nucleic Acids

  Sample Cards:

  what are the two types of nucleic acid,

  what are nucleotides,

  what are nucleic acids made up of
  49 Cards
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• 23 Dna Replication

  2.3 DNA Replication

  Sample Cards:

  why does cell division occur,

  what is produced due to cell division,

  what are epithelial tissues
  14 Cards
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• 21 Microscopy

  2.1 Microscopy

  Sample Cards:

  what is resolution,

  what is the resolution of a microscope l,

  how does a light microscope work
  32 Cards
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• 21 Prokaryotic Vs Eukaryotic

  2.1 Prokaryotic Vs eukaryotic

  Sample Cards:

  which cell has membrane bound organelles,

  which is single called organisms,

  which is simpler
  12 Cards
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• 21 Prokaryotic Cells

  2.1 Prokaryotic Cells

  Sample Cards:

  do prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus,

  what other structures are found in proka,

  what is a plasmid
  11 Cards
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• 21 Cytoskeleton

  2.1 Cytoskeleton

  Sample Cards:

  what are protein threads arranged as,

  what are microfilments,

  what are microtubules
  18 Cards
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• 23 The Genetic Code

  2.3 The Genetic Code

  Sample Cards:

  what is a gene,

  what does each gene code for,

  what do bases code for
  20 Cards
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• 23 Transcription Ps

  2.3 Transcription (PS)

  Sample Cards:

  what is transcription the process of,

  what is transcription the first stage of,

  why can t dna leave the nucleus
  18 Cards
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• 23 Translation Ps

  2.3 Translation (PS)

  Sample Cards:

  what happens during translation,

  where does translation occur,

  what happens to the amino acids in the c
  19 Cards
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• 21 Packaging Proteins

  2.1 Packaging Proteins

  Sample Cards:

  what to ribosomes in the cytoplasm make,

  what do ribosomes attached to the rough,

  what is the rough ers role in protein pr
  9 Cards
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• 22 Food Tests

  2.2 Food Tests

  Sample Cards:

  what are the two types of sugar,

  how do you test for reducing sugars,

  what colour is benedicts reagent
  29 Cards
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• 24 Enzymes

  2.4 enzymes

  Sample Cards:

  what type of protein are enzymes,

  are enzymes soluble why,

  what are enzymes necessary for
  31 Cards
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• 26 Cell Cycle Interphase

  2.6 Cell cycle (interphase)

  Sample Cards:

  what phase does a cell spend most it s t,

  what are the long periods of growth call,

  what happens to the dna during interphas
  24 Cards
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• 26 Mitotic Phase

  2.6. Mitotic phase

  Sample Cards:

  what 2 stages does the mitotic phase inv,

  what occurs in mitosis,

  what happens in cytokinesis
  21 Cards
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• 24 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

  2.4 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

  Sample Cards:

  name 4 factors affecting enzyme activity,

  what happens to the rate of reaction whe,

  what does more heat provide the molecule
  25 Cards
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• 24 Enzyme Inhibition

  2.4 enzyme inhibition

  Sample Cards:

  how does a competitive inhibitor stop en,

  how is a competitive inhibitor able to b,

  what do the competitive inhibitor and su
  41 Cards
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• 25 Membranes

  2.5 Membranes

  Sample Cards:

  what organelles have membranes,

  what is the role of membranes,

  why is the role of membranes important
  42 Cards
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• 25 Protiens In Membranes

  2.5 Protiens In Membranes

  Sample Cards:

  how much of a cell membrane do proteins,

  what are intergral proteins,

  what are other names for intergral prote
  23 Cards
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• 25 Cell Signalling

  2.5 Cell Signalling

  Sample Cards:

  why do cells need to communicate with ea,

  what do cells communicate using,

  what are the steps involved in cell sign
  25 Cards
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• 25 Membrane Permeability

  2.5 Membrane Permeability

  Sample Cards:

  what do membranes control,

  what are the three processes substances,

  what is osmosis
  24 Cards
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• 25 Diffusion

  2.5 diffusion

  Sample Cards:

  what are all cells surrounded by,

  what do partially permeable membranes do,

  why do all cells need to import substanc
  23 Cards
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• 25 Facilitated Diffusion

  2.5 Facilitated Diffusion

  Sample Cards:

  what is facilitated diffusion,

  what are the 2 types of facilitated diff,

  what is a channel protein
  12 Cards
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• 26 Meiosis

  2.6 Meiosis

  Sample Cards:

  what sort of division does meiosis invol,

  what is a reduction division,

  what is the name for a cell with half th
  23 Cards
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• 25 Osmosis

  2.5 Osmosis

  Sample Cards:

  what happens to red blood cells when the,

  what happens to red blood cells if the c,

  what happens if the solution has lower w
  18 Cards
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• 31 Human Respiratory System

  3.1 Human Respiratory System

  Sample Cards:

  why can small organisms diffuse gases st,

  give an example of a small organism,

  what do large organisms have
  16 Cards
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• 24 Cofactors Coenzymes

  2.4 Cofactors & Coenzymes

  Sample Cards:

  what are cofactors and coenzymes,

  what is a cofactor,

  what does a cofactor do
  30 Cards
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• 24 Catalase Enzyme Experiment

  2.4 Catalase Enzyme Experiment

  Sample Cards:

  what is the iv in this experiment,

  what is the dv in this experiment,

  what are other variables that need to be
  15 Cards
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• 23 Purifying Dna Experiment

  2.3 Purifying DNA Experiment

  Sample Cards:

  1 break up cells using a,

  2 make solution what should it contain,

  3 what do you add to the detergent solut
  12 Cards
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• 56 Aerobic Respiration

  5.6 Aerobic Respiration

  Sample Cards:

  where does glycolysis occur,

  glycolysis 1 two atp release two phospha,

  glycolysis what is the process by which
  56 Cards
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• 53 Liver

  5.3 Liver

  Sample Cards:

  what are the 3 main metabolic waste prod,

  what is co2 a waste product of,

  what are bile products a waste product o
  55 Cards
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• 53 Kidney Structure Ultrafiltration Reab

  5.3 Kidney Structure, Ultrafiltration & Reabsorbtion

  Sample Cards:

  the kidneys are supplied with blood from,

  blood is removed from the kidneys by wha,

  how much blood passes through the kidney
  58 Cards
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• 62 Patterns Of Inheritance Variation

  6.2 Patterns Of Inheritance & Variation

  Sample Cards:

  why does variation arise,

  random mutations are essential for what,

  variation within a species can arise fro
  32 Cards
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• 26 Tissues Organs Organ Systems

  2.6 Tissues, Organs & Organ Systems

  Sample Cards:

  what is a tissue,

  what is squamous epithelium,

  animal tissue where is squamous epitheli
  22 Cards
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• 61 Gene Mutation

  6.1 Gene Mutation

  Sample Cards:

  what is a mutation,

  what are the 2 types of mutation,

  when can a mutation be inherited
  50 Cards
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• 61 Transcriptional Translational Control

  6.1 Transcriptional & Translational Control

  Sample Cards:

  rna processing what type of molecule is,

  rna processing what is added to pre mrna,

  rna processing what is a cap and where i
  19 Cards
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• 61 Body Plans Apoptosis

  6.1 Body Plans & apoptosis

  Sample Cards:

  what is morphogenesis,

  what controls development of all organis,

  the genes were discovered by scientists
  50 Cards
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• 62 Phenotypic Ratios Linkage Epistasis

  6.2 Phenotypic Ratios, linkage & epistasis

  Sample Cards:

  linkage ratios observed in a dihybrid cr,

  linkage what is linkage,

  linkage linked genes are inherited as a
  13 Cards
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• 25 Active Transport

  2.5 Active Transport

  Sample Cards:

  what is active transport,

  how does active transport differ from pa,

  what are the 2 ways active transport occ
  20 Cards
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• 31 Specialised Exchange Surfaces

  3.1 Specialised Exchange Surfaces

  Sample Cards:

  all organisms need to do what,

  all cells need to take in what,

  cells also need to excrete what
  11 Cards
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• 32 Circulatory Systems

  3.2 Circulatory Systems

  Sample Cards:

  single called organisms are able to get,

  single celled organisms have what featur,

  multicellular organisms have what
  27 Cards
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• 32 The Heart Cardiac Cycle

  3.2 The Heart & Cardiac Cycle

  Sample Cards:

  what is myocardium and what does it do,

  heart what is the pericardium and what d,

  heart the pericardial fluid is secreted
  44 Cards
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• 32 Haemoglobin Co2 Transport

  3.2 Haemoglobin & CO2 transport

  Sample Cards:

  what type of molecule is haemoglobin,

  haemoglobin is found where,

  haemoglobin bings to what
  29 Cards
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• 41 Bacterial Diseases

  4.1 Bacterial Diseases

  Sample Cards:

  what is an infectious disease,

  a small proportion of bacteria are what,

  how can bacteria be classified
  33 Cards
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• 41 Fungal Diseases

  4.1 Fungal Diseases

  Sample Cards:

  where can fungal diseases cause devastat,

  are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic,

  most are multicellular but some single l
  24 Cards
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• 41 Protoctist Disease

  4.1 Protoctist Disease

  Sample Cards:

  what are protoctists,

  they are single celled and group into wh,

  how are they transferred to hosts
  28 Cards
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• 41 Viral Diseases

  4.1 Viral Diseases

  Sample Cards:

  viruses are what,

  what mode of action do viruses take,

  viruses are made of one protein and what
  26 Cards
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• 41 Disease Plant Defences

  4.1 Disease & Plant Defences

  Sample Cards:

  what is a disease,

  in what ways can disease be classified,

  timescale what is acute and what is chro
  12 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 54 Plant Responses To Abiotic Stress

  5.4 Plant Responses To Abiotic Stress

  Sample Cards:

  trees loose their leaves in winter due t,

  trees loose their leaves at the point wh,

  antifreeze if cells freeze what happens
  28 Cards
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• 54 Defences To Herbivory

  5.4 Defences To Herbivory

  Sample Cards:

  what are some physical defences plants h,

  chemical defences tannins are compounds,

  chemical defences how are phenols defenc
  33 Cards
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• 54 Plant Hormones

  5.4 Plant Hormones

  Sample Cards:

  ripening which hormone is involved in th,

  ripening ripening is linked to a peak of,

  ripening what type of fruits are climact
  23 Cards
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• 54 Plant Responses

  5.4 Plant Responses

  Sample Cards:

  plants respond to what changes in their,

  what are some limitations of plants,

  hormones what role do auxins play in pla
  34 Cards
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• 54 Tropisms

  5.4 Tropisms

  Sample Cards:

  a tropism is growth in response to what,

  what is the difference between a positiv,

  a phototropism is growth in response to
  36 Cards
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• 11 Equations

  1.1 Equations

  Sample Cards:

  how is allele frequency calculated,

  how is genotype frequency calculated,

  how is population size estimated
  4 Cards
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• 66 Ecosystems

  6.6 Ecosystems

  Sample Cards:

  what is ecology,

  what is an ecosystem,

  the boundaries of an ecosystem are defin
  21 Cards
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• 51 Neuronal Communication Sensory Recept

  5.1 Neuronal communication & sensory receptors

  Sample Cards:

  what must all organisms do,

  how do animals respond to their environm,

  how do plants respond to their environme
  49 Cards
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• 51 Nervous Transmission Potentials

  5.1 Nervous transmission & potentials

  Sample Cards:

  what is potential difference what is it,

  what is the normal resting state of an a,

  in resting state what is the membrane sa
  36 Cards
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• 51 Synapses

  5.1 Synapses

  Sample Cards:

  what is a synapse,

  how does information pass across the syn,

  what is the presynaptic neurone
  33 Cards
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• 51 The Nervous System

  5.1 the nervous system

  Sample Cards:

  what does cns mean,

  what does pns mean,

  what is the peripheral nervous system sp
  38 Cards
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• 51 Reflexes

  5.1 Reflexes

  Sample Cards:

  what is a reflex,

  state the steps in a reflex arc,

  what is a withdrawal reflex
  21 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 51 Types Of Muscle

  5.1 types of muscle

  Sample Cards:

  what percentage of body mass does muscle,

  what is muscle tissue made up of,

  what are the three types of muscle
  29 Cards
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• 51 Skeletal Muscle

  5.1 Skeletal muscle

  Sample Cards:

  what is each muscle composed of,

  what is the connective tissue called tha,

  what are the smaller fibres in muscles c
  39 Cards
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• 51 Neuromuscular Junctions

  5.1 Neuromuscular junctions

  Sample Cards:

  when does the muscle contract,

  1 where is a nerve impulse conducted,

  2 when a nerve impulse reaches the neuro
  27 Cards
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• 52 Hormonal Communication Glands

  5.2 hormonal communication & glands

  Sample Cards:

  what is an endocrine gland,

  give examples of some endocrine glands,

  what does the pituitary gland do
  40 Cards
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• 51 Hormonal Vs Neuronal

  5.1 Hormonal vs. Neuronal

  Sample Cards:

  hormonal communication is by chemicals c,

  neuronal communication is by what,

  hormonal transmission is by the
  16 Cards
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• 52 Adrenal Glands

  5.2 Adrenal glands

  Sample Cards:

  where are adrenal glands located,

  what are the two parts of the adrenal gl,

  what are the adrenal medulla and cortex
  19 Cards
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• 52 Pancreas Glucose Regulation

  5.2 pancreas & glucose regulation

  Sample Cards:

  what type of gland is the pancreas,

  how is the pancreas an exocrine gland,

  how is the pancreas an endocrine gland
  32 Cards
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• 52 Insulin Glucagon

  5.2 insulin & glucagon

  Sample Cards:

  where is insulin produced,

  when is insulin produced,

  at what point are blood glucose levels t
  21 Cards
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• 52 Diabetes

  5.2 Diabetes

  Sample Cards:

  in type 1 diabetes what are you unable t,

  why dont you produce insulin type 1,

  is the cause of type 1 diabetes known
  41 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 33 Plant Transport Systems

  3.3 Plant transport systems

  Sample Cards:

  what can small plants do,

  what are the 3 main reasons plants need,

  what are plants that have specialised tr
  21 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 33 Xylem Phloem Transport

  3.3 Xylem, Phloem & transport

  Sample Cards:

  what does xylem transport,

  which way does xylem transport water and,

  is xylem made of dead or alive tissue
  42 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 33 Passage Of Water Through Plant

  3.3 Passage of water through plant

  Sample Cards:

  what percentage of water passing through,

  the 99 of water not used in photosynthes,

  what is the highest water potential
  40 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 33 Transpiration

  3.3 Transpiration

  Sample Cards:

  1 is humidity in the air more or less th,

  2 so what do the water molecules do if t,

  3 water lost from the airspaces is repla
  18 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 33 Translocation

  3.3 Translocation

  Sample Cards:

  what is translocation,

  in which direction can translocation occ,

  is translocation an active or passive pr
  37 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 33 Factors Affecting Transpiration

  3.3 Factors affecting transpiration

  Sample Cards:

  increased light,

  light is needed for what process,

  during photosynthesis o2 and co2 need to
  20 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 3 3 Plant Adaptations To Water Availabil

  3,3 Plant adaptations to water availability

  Sample Cards:

  what are the three types of plants,

  what are hydrophytes,

  what are xerophytes
  31 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 42 Kingdoms Classifications

  4.2 kingdoms & classifications

  Sample Cards:

  traditionally what 2 groups were all liv,

  what became apparent regarding the 2 gro,

  what are the 5 kingdoms
  30 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 42 3 Domains And Phylogeny

  4.2 3 domains and phylogeny

  Sample Cards:

  what happens to classification systems a,

  what changes as organisms evolve,

  scientists can discover evolutionary rel
  35 Cards
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• 52 Fight Or Flight

  5.2 Fight or Flight

  Sample Cards:

  when a potentially dangerous stimuli is,

  what is the fight or flight response int,

  what nervous system detects a threat
  19 Cards
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• 52 Heart Rate

  5.2 Heart Rate

  Sample Cards:

  what is normal heart rate,

  is heart rate voluntary or involuntary,

  what nervous system controls heart rate
  27 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 53 Homeostasis And Thermoregulation

  5.3 Homeostasis and thermoregulation

  Sample Cards:

  what is homeostasis,

  why is homeostasis important,

  what conditions must be maintained
  34 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 56 Anaerobic Respiration

  5.6 Anaerobic respiration

  Sample Cards:

  lactate in lactate fermentation pyruvate,

  lactate no o2 means that the electron ch,

  lactate if the electron chain backs up w
  26 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 56 Organisms Respiratory Substrates

  5.6 organisms & respiratory substrates

  Sample Cards:

  what are obligate anaerobes,

  what are obligate aerobes,

  what are facultative anaerobes
  14 Cards
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• 55 Photosynthesis Plant Cells

  5.5 Photosynthesis - plant cells

  Sample Cards:

  define photosynthesis,

  in photosynthesis light energy is made i,

  what are autotrophs
  22 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 55 Photosynthesis Light Dependant Indepe

  5.5 Photosynthesis - light dependant & independent

  Sample Cards:

  light dependant 1 what does photosystem,

  light dependant 2 excited electrons pass,

  light dependant 3 atp is made in what pr
  42 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 55 Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

  5.5 Factors affecting photosynthesis

  Sample Cards:

  when does a something become a limiting,

  why is light needed in photosynthesis,

  increasing light intensity increases wha
  15 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 53 Kidneys Osmoregulation

  5.3 Kidneys & Osmoregulation

  Sample Cards:

  what is osmoregulation,

  what sorts of things can put the osmotic,

  what could happen is kpa was not kept st
  35 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 53 Kidneys Testing

  5.3 Kidneys & Testing

  Sample Cards:

  what does urine contain,

  what is present in urine if you have dia,

  what is present in your urine if you hav
  35 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 53 Kidney Failure

  5.3 Kidney Failure

  Sample Cards:

  what are 3 reasons for kidney failure,

  how can kidney infections cause kidney f,

  how can raised blood pressure cause kidn
  48 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 62 Monogenic Inheritance

  6.2 Monogenic Inheritance

  Sample Cards:

  variation is the phenotypic differences,

  what 4 things can variation be the resul,

  monogenic inheritance explains what
  51 Cards
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• 26 Cell Specialisation

  2.6 Cell Specialisation

  Sample Cards:

  what is differentiation,

  what are the 3 types of variation,

  give an example of a cell with changes t
  41 Cards
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• 26 Stem Cells

  2.6 Stem Cells

  Sample Cards:

  what are stem cells,

  give examples of where stem cells can be,

  what is potency
  52 Cards
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• 61 Gene Expression

  6.1 Gene Expression

  Sample Cards:

  what are genes that code for enzymes con,

  what are genes that code for protein bas,

  how is expression of genes regulated
  33 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 32 Blood Vessels

  3.2 Blood Vessels

  Sample Cards:

  what is the sequence of blood vessels bl,

  arteries what layers does an artery have,

  arteries the tough outer layer consists
  26 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 32 Blood Tissue Fluid Lymph

  3.2 blood, tissue fluid & lymph

  Sample Cards:

  blood blood consists of what yellow liqu,

  blood what does plasma contain,

  plasma proteins what 3 large proteins do
  30 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 42 Evolution Studying Evidence

  4.2 Evolution - studying & evidence

  Sample Cards:

  what sources can scientists use to study,

  palaeontology what is palaeontology,

  palaeontology what are fossils when are
  29 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 42 Variation Modern Examples Of Evolutio

  4.2 Variation & modern examples of Evolution

  Sample Cards:

  variation what is variation,

  variation what is interspecific variatio,

  variation what is intraspecific variatio
  35 Cards
  Preview Flashcards
• 42 Adaptations Changing Populations

  4.2 adaptations & changing populations

  Sample Cards:

  organisms adapt to exploit their niche t,

  what is a niche,

  what is adaptation
  33 Cards
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