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Flashcards in Zoonotic Infections Deck (39)
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1
Q

Brucella is a ____ intracellular pathogen that is shaped like a ____. It is gram ___.

A

Brucella is a facultative, intracellular pathogen that is shaped like a cocobaccilus. It is gram negative.

2
Q

If Brucella is phagocatysed by a professional phagocyte, what happens?

A

It doesn’t get killed. It inhibits the macrophage myeloperoxidase-peroxide system.

3
Q

What is the host response to Brucella?

A

It is a granulomatous response.

4
Q

How do you contract Brucellosis?

A

Direct contact, touching an infected animal, or eating unpasteurized cheese or milk that is contaminated.

5
Q

Brucellosis is most common in which country?

A

It is very common in the middle east, Pakistan, Iran.

6
Q

How can we control Brucella?

A

Pasteurize your milk and cheese. Education farmers, abattoir workers. Surveillance for infection in food animal herds and culling of infected animals. Vaccinate the animals!

7
Q

Tularemia is caused by:

Gram \_\_\_
Motile?
Aerobic/Anaerobic?
Shape?
Intracellular?
A
Franciscella tularensis (highly virulent!)
Tularemia is caused by:
Gram negative
Non-motile
Aerobic
Coccibacillus
Facultative Intracellular
8
Q

How is tularemia transmitted?

A

Via a fly or tick that bites a small mammal. Or from the mammal itself (from skinning or butchering). In particular, the mammal is a rabbit.

9
Q

How does Tularemia present?

A

It depends on how it enters your body. Most commonly, if it enters through the skin, you can get an ulceroglandular tularemia.

10
Q

How do you prevent tularemia?

A

Education of hunters and outdoorsman. There is also a vaccination.

11
Q

Q fever is caused by what?

A

Coxiella Brunetti

12
Q

C. Burnetii is acquired from ___ ___ __ ____ and is most prevalent in ___ and N. ____. In N. American, is it found in ____.

Often acquired during assisting with ____ or ___ contact.

It is transmitted via ___.

Many farmers or vets are at risk.

A

C. Burnetii is acquired from cattle, sheep, goats and cats. It is most prevalent in . Europe, and N. Australia, and N. America. In N. America, is it found in Nova Scotia.

Often acquired during assisting with birthing or placenta contact.

It is transmitted via aerosol transmission.

Many farmers or vets are at risk.

13
Q

A farmer comes to your clinic with flu-like illness, malaise, etc. A couple days she tells you that her sheep just gave birth. What is it?

A

Coxiella Burnetii –> Q fever

14
Q

KNOW THIS

There are not a lot of infections that cause pneumonia and hepatitis at the same time….but there is one. What is it?

A

Q fever - Coxiella burnetii

15
Q

What caused the black plague?

A

Yersinia pestis

16
Q

Yersinia petis is a small,
gram ___, coccobacillus. It shows a strong ___ staining. It is taken up and killed by ___. ___ cannot kill them. They use a ____ type of killing system. It is transmitted most commonly by what animal?

A

Yersinia petis is a small,
gram negative, coccobacillus. It shows a strong bipolar (safetypin) staining. It is taken up and killed by PMNs. Macrophages cannot kill them. They use a Type III secretion type of killing system which injects virulence factors into the host.
It is transmitted by rodents or their fleas.It can also be transmitted by prairie dogs and cats.

17
Q

Yersinia Pestis has an incubation period for about __ to __ days for pneumonia, and __ to __ days for bubonic or septicemia)

A

1-4

1-7

18
Q

A patient comes to you with sudden onset of fever, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, chest pain, and GI symptoms. He says that he was recently bit by a prairie dog.
What do you expect to see under the microscope and what does he have?

A

You’d expect to see g- coccobacilus that shows bipolar safety pin like staining. He has yersinia pestis

19
Q

How do you control Plague caused by Yersinia Pestis?

A

Rodent and flea control. Vaccine in development. Antibiotic prophylaxis of contacts or infected individuals or exposures.

20
Q

Cat Scratch Fever is caused by which bacteria?

A

Bartonella

21
Q

An immunocompetent patient comes to you with a papule on her hand, and enlarged lymph nodes in the axilla and groin (lymphadenitis). She says she recently adopted a stray kitten which scratched her. What type of stain would you do and what could she have?

A

You should do a Wharton-Starry SILVER stain.

Cat scratch fever from Bartonella.

22
Q

Which tick is responsible for causing Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? Where is it most prevalent?

A

Dermacentor variabilis, the American dog tick. It is more prevaent in the SE U.S

23
Q

Ricketssia is a ___ intracellular. It is unable to produce __ and __. It is a gram ___ and its shape is ___.
What test do you use to diagnose Rickettsia? What stain do you use?
What is the main symptom that is causes?

A

Obligate. It is unable to produce NADH and AcH. It is weakly gram negative and it is shaped like a cocobaccilus.

Wheel-Felix agglutination test. You can use a Giemsa stain.

Small vessel vasculitis.

24
Q

A patient from N.C. comes to your clinic with fever (greater than 102), headache, myalgia, N/V and diarrhea. You notice small vessel vasculitis.
She said she recently went hiking in the woods. What might she have? How could you confirm?

What drug do you use?

A

She may have Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever caused by Ricketssiae. You should first do a gram stain wtih Giemsa, and then agglutination test with Wheel-Felix.

Use doxycycline

25
Q

____ infects vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. A person who gets this will have small vessel vasculitis.

A

RMSF (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)

26
Q

A patient comes to your clinic in June with a headache and a fever greater than 102. She has rashes as well. She said she was out hiking in the woods a few days before. What does she have and how can you treat her?

A

RMSF

Treat with Doxy for 5 days

27
Q

T/F: Ricketssiae can be a very systemic infection

A

True.

28
Q

Initial symptoms of RMSF are ___ greater than ___, ___ and ___.

A

Fever greater than 102, Headache, Myalgia

29
Q

___ ___ ____ is caused by the Lonestar tick (amblyomma americanum) and found in the ___ U.S. Another tick that can transmit erlichiosis is the __ tick, which can cause HGA. This is found in Nothern U.S. N.E, MInnesota, and Wiconsin,

A

Human mononucleosis
Erlichiosis
Ixodes Tick

30
Q

HME is caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis. It is an infection of ___ and ____. The other ehrlichia anaplasma infection is transmitted by the ___ tick and causes infection of ____. These cause big cytokine storms, which make the person sick.

A

HME is caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis. It is an infection of macrophages and monocytes. The other ehrlichia anaplasma infection is transmitted by the deer tick and causes infection of PMN granulocytes (HGA)

31
Q

A patient comes to you with either HME or HGA (Human monocytic ehrlichiosis or human granulocytic anaplasma phagocytophilium). How can you tell the difference?

A

In RMSF which causes HME, you see a rash.

32
Q

How do you treat RMSF and HME/HGA?

A

Doxycycline

33
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis primarily infects __ ___, We see this mostly in the ___ east of the U.S. while Anaplasma phagocytophilium infects ___ ___. We see this mostly in Northern U.S. and New England area.

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis primarily infects mononuclear leukocytes, We see this mostly in the southeast of the U.S. while Anaplasma phagocytophilium infects PMN granulocytes. We see this mostly in Northern U.S. and New England area.

34
Q

___ can be used to treat almost ALL tick borne infections

A

Doxycycline

35
Q

Lyme Borreliosis:
Shape-
Transmitted by ___ tick.
At site of bite, you get ____ ___, which is a bull eyes rash.

A

Lyme Borreliosis:
Shape- spirochete
Transmitted by Ixodes tick.
At site of bite, you get erythema migrans, which is a bull eyes rash.

36
Q

How do you prevent Tick borne infections?

A

After you’d been oustide, check your body. Use tweezers to remove them. You can also use Permethrin spray.

37
Q

T/F: You can give prophylaxis where ticks are endemic.

A

True.

38
Q

Rabies is transmitted by ___ of an infected animal.

A

Saliva

39
Q

A patient comes to you concerned that he might have been bitten by a bat during his camping trip. He said that he woke up one morning with a bat flying over him. What do you do?

A

Give him a post exposure vaccination.

It us 99.9% fatal.