Flashcards in XX - The Endocrine System Deck (166)
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121
Most sensitive sceening test for hypothyroidism
Serum TSH level(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1085
122
A middle aged-woman presents with painless enlargement of the thyroid that is symmetric and diffuse, with some symptoms of hypothyroidism. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis(TOPNOTCH)
123
It causes symmetric enlargement of the entire thyroid gland without producing nodularity. Patients are usually clinically euthyroid.
Diffuse nontoxic (simple) goiter (TOPNOTCH)
124
Patient presents with mass on the anterior neck and dysphagia. Thyroid is assymetrically enlarged. Thyroid functions tests are normal. Cut section showed irregular nodules containing brown, gelatinous colloid. The microscopic appearance showed colloid-rich follicles lined by flattened, inactive epithelium and areas of follicular hyperplasia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Multinodular goiter(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1091
125
True or False. Nodules in males are more likely to be neoplastic than are those in females.
True(TOPNOTCH)
126
True or False. Solitary nodule are more likely to be neoplast than are multiple nodules.
True(TOPNOTCH)
127
True or False. Nodules in younger patients are more likely to be neoplastic than are those in older patients.
True(TOPNOTCH)
128
True or False. Functional nodules that take up radioactive iodine in imaging studies(hotnodules0 are much more likely to be benign than malignant.
True(TOPNOTCH)
129
What is the most common benign neoplasm of the thyroid?
Follicular adenoma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1100
130
Patient presents with enlarged feet and hands, thickened and sausage-like fingers, jaw protrusion and broadening of the lower face, generalized muscle weakenss. The diagnosis of this condition relies on what elevated serum ___ and ___ levels.
GF and IGF-1(TOPNOTCH)
131
Development of large destructive pituitary adenoma after surgical removal of the adrenal gland. This condition occurs most often because of the inhibitory effect of adrenal corticosteroids.
Nelson syndrome(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1080
132
Presents with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, loss of libido and infertility.
Lactotroph adenoma(TOPNOTCH)
133
Most common form of clinically significant ischemic necrosis of the anterior pituitary. May present with amenorrhea ang infertility.
Sheehan syndrome(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1081
134
Presents with hyponatremia, cerebral edema, absence of peripheral edema due to ectopic ADH secretion by malignant neoplasm, drugs, and a variety of CNS disorders.
SIADH(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1082
135
May present with growth retardation in children, headache and visual disturbances. In adult, these neoplasm is thought to rise from vestigial remnant of Rathke pouch.
Craniopharyngoma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed,. P. 1082
136
Histologic variant of craniopharyngioma most often observed in children
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngoma (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1082
137
Histologic variant of craniopharyngioma most often observed in adults
Papillary craniopharyngoma (TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1082
138
Presents with rapidly enlarging bulky neck mass, dyspnea, dysphagia, hoarsenes, and cough. Histologic finding of pleomorphic giant cells, spindle cells or mixed. Highly fatal.
Anaplastic carcinoma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1098
139
Amyloid deposits are characteristic of this histologic type of thyroid cancer.
Medullary cancer(TOPNOTCH)
140
Most common clinically significant congenital anomaly of the thyroid.
Thyroglossal duct or cyst (TOPNOTCH)
141
Most common cause primary hyperparathyroidism
Solitary parathyroid adenoma(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p.1101
142
The combination of increased osteoclast activity, peritrabecular fibrosis, and cystic brown tumors
von Recklinghausen disease of bone/osteitis fibrosa cystica(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1102
143
The most common mechanism through which osteolytic tumors induce hypercalcemia
Secretion of PTHrP(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1103
144
Classic findings of hypocalcemia on physical examination
Chvostek sign and Trosseau sign(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1105
145
The most frequent pattern in diabetic neuropathy
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy of the lower extremities(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1120
146
The most common cause of hypercotisolism
Exogenous administration of steroids(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1125
147
Most common adrenal finding in endogenous Cushing syndrome
Nodular hyperplasia(TOPNOTCH)Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th ed., p. 1125
148
Presents with hypertension, weight gain, moon facies, truncal obesity, elevated urinary steroid secetion, low ACTH
Cushing syndrome caused by an adrenal tumor(TOPNOTCH)
149
Presents with signs and symptoms of elevated cortisol levels, with failure of low-dose and high-dose dexamethasone to suppress cortisol secretion
Ectopic ACTH secretion(e.g ACTH production by tumors)(TOPNOTCH)
150
