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Nursing, LPN, Year 1 > X A&P - Chp 18 - The Respiratory System > Flashcards

X A&P - Chp 18 - The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration

A

Gas Exchange

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2
Q

Ventilation

A

air moving in and out (exchange)

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3
Q

bicarbonate ion

A

result of Carbonic anhydrase reacting with Carbonic acid

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4
Q

carbonic acid

A

CO2 + H2O, result of increased CO2 levels in blood reacting with water in body to create acidosis.

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5
Q

bronchus

A

main stem

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6
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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7
Q

Epiglottis

A

covers trachea when you swallow food to ensure it only goes down the esophogus

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8
Q

hypercapnia

A

high levels of CO2

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9
Q

hypoxia

A

low levels of O2

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10
Q

phrenic nerves

A

stimulates diaphragm

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11
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane outside the organs?

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12
Q

pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung. air gets between lung and chest wall and forces lung down

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13
Q

surfectant

A

chemical to keep alveolus open. prevent them from sticking together if they collapse.

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14
Q

Phases of Respiration

A

1) pulmonary ventilation
2) external respiration (external gas exchange)
3) gas transport in the blood
4) internal respiration (internal gas exchange)

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15
Q

External Respiration

A

exchange of gasses btwn alveoli and capillaries in lung.

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16
Q

Internal Respiratoin

A

exchange of gasses btwn body cells and capillaries

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17
Q

How do CO2 and O2 always move?

A

Diffusion

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18
Q

Pharynx is shared with what system?

A

GI

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19
Q

Nostrils aka

A

nares

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20
Q

Larynx aka

A

voice box

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21
Q

what are rings on Trachea called?

A

C rings. The are NOT full circles (see pic)

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22
Q

Parietal layer of pleura (fist in balloon) touches organ, what layer faces up

A

visceral

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23
Q

Pleura

A

serous membrane that sorounds the lung

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24
Q

What are attached to Terminal Bronchiole

A

Alveoli

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25
Q

Conchae

A

ridged body structure in nose, covered with mucous membrane. causes inhaled air to be warmed and moistened.

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26
Q

Pharynx Structure and function

A

Carries air to respiratory tract and food to digestive system.

1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Laryngeal pharynx

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27
Q

Thyroid Cartilage larger in men aka

A

Adams Apple

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28
Q

Vocal Folds

A

we call them vocal chords. vibrate faster with helium therefore causing higher voice

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29
Q

Larynx Structure

A

Btwn pharynx and trachea

1) thyroid cartilage
2) vocal folds
3) glottis
4) epiglottis

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30
Q

Epiglotis

A

flap that closes over trachea when swallowing food to guide into esophagus

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31
Q

O2 dissolves in water.

A

does not flow around like bubbles

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32
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

exchange of air between atmosphere and alveolar in lungs. Inhalation, breathing

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33
Q

External Gas exchange

A

in LUNGS, as O2 diffuses from alveoli into blood and CO2 diffuses out of blood to be eliminated

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34
Q

Internal Gas Excahnge

A

in TISSUE, as O2 diffused from blood to cells, CO2 from cells to blood

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35
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

cells take O adn use in breakdown of nutrients

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36
Q

Respiratory System Structure

A
  • nasal cavity
  • pharynx
  • voice box
  • larynx (windpipe, trachea
  • lungs
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37
Q

Pharynx Structure

A
  • nasopharynx (nose)
  • Oropharynx (mouth)
  • laryngopharynx (throat)
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38
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A
  • resonating chamber for voice

- lessen skull’s weight

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39
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

C rings on trachea

40
Q

stopped in book at

A

trachea

41
Q

Glottis

A

space between vocal folds

42
Q

Larangyl carilage include

A
  • epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
43
Q

Vestibular folds

A

folds in laryngeal muccous membrane, superior to vocal cords

44
Q

Trachea functoin

A

to conduct air between larynx and lungs

45
Q

larynx

A

voice box

46
Q

pharynx

A

throat

47
Q

Hilum

A

notch or depressoin in lunc where bronchus enters

48
Q

Airways lined with …

A

pseudostratified eptithelium (simple columnar but arranged so they look like stratified)

Secrete mucous to trap impurities and drive upward.

49
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest conducting tubes in bronchial tree

50
Q

terminal brochioles

A

smallest subdivision of bronchial tree

51
Q

alveoli made of

A

single layer of squamous epithelium cells

52
Q

300 million alveoli

A

in human lungs

53
Q

pleura

A

sac that covers each lung

  • parietal, attached to chest wall
  • visceral, attached to lunch surface
54
Q

Trachea function & structure

A

1) conducts air between larynx and lung
2) horseshoe shapes (prevent from collapsing)
3) open at back to allow stretching for big bolus’ of food to pass.

55
Q

What is wrapped around brochiole tubes?

A

web of smooth muscle

56
Q

Trachea divides into 2 primary ?

A

Bronchi

57
Q

Hilum ?????? CONFIRM THIS

A

a triangular depression where the structures which form the root of the lung enter and leave the viscus. (Where the trachea splits)

58
Q

What type of cells is Brochi made of?

A

-pseudo-stratified with Cilia (epithelial tissue)

59
Q

Mucus

A

Noun - glob of mucus on floor

60
Q

Mucous

A

Adjective - the passage is lined with mucous membrane

61
Q

3 Serous Membranes

A

1) Pericardium: found within the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity. Visceral pericardium is also called epicardium
2) Pleura: two pleural cavities (separated by mediastinum) are found within the thoracic cavity
3) Peritoneum: the peritoneal cavity is found within the abdominal & pelvic body cavities

62
Q

Pleura - Parietal layer

A

outer layer

63
Q

Pleura - Visceral pleura

A

layer touching organ

64
Q

Pleural Space contains

A

filled w serous fluid

65
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

collapse lung due to fluid buildup in pleural space

66
Q

Pneumo Thorax

A

air buildup in pleural spage

67
Q

Hemo Thorax

A

blood leaking in pleural space

68
Q

process of Respiration

A

1) ventilation of lungs
2) exchange of gas (alveoli/blood)
3) transport of gasses in blood (dissolved gasses)

69
Q

phases of Pulmonary ventilation

Inhalation/Exhalation

A

Inhalation: Active phase (diaphragm contracts, makes room in chest cavity
Exhalation: Passive phase (diapragm back to resting state)

70
Q

Muscles of respiration

A

Diapragm Intercostals

71
Q

Compliance

A

ability to expand and decrease well

72
Q

Surfactant

A

coating on alveoli that prevents them from collapsing due to reducing surface tension

73
Q

Tidal Volume

A

amount of air we breathe in one in and out breath (~500ml air)

74
Q

Vital Capacity

A

total lung capacity for O2 (~2500ml)

75
Q

most 02 in blood carried by ?

A

Hemoglobin

76
Q

CO2 transported by ?

A
  • 10% dissolved in plasma and fluid in RBC, 15% combined w protein of hemoglobin and plasma proteins
  • 75% dissolved in blood then converted to Bicarbonate ion
77
Q

CO2 + H2O =

A

Carbonic Acid

78
Q

What breaks down Carbonic Acid to produce Bicarbonate ion?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase

79
Q

Tolerable levels of acid in blood

A

7.35 - 7.45

80
Q

We breath after holding breath for a while in response to …

A

high CO2 levels (causing acidity), not due to low O2

81
Q

What part of brain controls respiration?

A

Medula Oblongata

82
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

83
Q

in patients with COPD, what happens to blood pH

A

bodies become used to acidic levels (high CO2), so body adjusts and starts to be triggered to breathe by Hypoxia (low O) opposite from a healthy person

84
Q

Chemoreceptors

A
  • Central Chemoreceptors (near medullary respiratory center)

- Peripheral Chemoreceptors (caratid artery, aorta)

85
Q

Hypopnea

A

hypoventilation

86
Q

Tachypnea

A

hyperventilation

87
Q

Dyspnea

A

short of breath

88
Q

Orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing laying down. (orthopnic position, head on table)

89
Q

Kussmaul respiration

A

prolonged exhale in order to breath out more CO2

90
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

aka Agonal breathing . dying people. gasp for air, long exhale

91
Q

Cyanosis

A

the appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen

92
Q

Hypoxia

A

reduced oxygen content of air or a body, leading to Cyanosis

93
Q

Hypoxemia

A

low O2 in BLOOD

94
Q

Epistaxis

A

nose bleed

95
Q

Acute Coryza

A

Common Cold

96
Q

Asthma

A

1) inflammation of mucose, more blood flow, more interstitual fluid
2) causes increased mucus production
3) smooth muscle squeezes down to thinner pipe (broncho spasm)

Nursing, LPN, Year 1 (44 decks)

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