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Nadim Phase 2A > (written by Riona Adams) Microbiology - bugs > Flashcards

(written by Riona Adams) Microbiology - bugs Flashcards

1
Q

Give the investigations for staphylococcus aureus (3)

A
  • ) Gram +ve cocci
  • ) Catalase +ve
  • ) Coagulase +ve
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2
Q

What does staphylococcus aureus cause?

A
  • ) Skin infections (impetigo/cellulitis)
  • ) Osteomyelitis/septic arthritis
  • ) Pneumonia
  • ) Endocarditis
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3
Q

What do we give to treat staphylococcus aureus?

A

Flucloxacillin (vancomycin if MRSA)

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4
Q

Give the investigations for staphylococcus epidermis (3)

A
  • ) Gram +ve cocci
  • ) Catalase +ve
  • ) Coagulase -ve
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5
Q

What does staphylococcus epidermidis cause?

A

Endocarditis (prosthetic valves)

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6
Q

What do we give to treat staphylococcus epidermis?

A

Flucloxacillin

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7
Q

Give the investigations for staphylococcus saphrophyticus (3)

A
  • ) Gram +ve cocci
  • ) Catalase +ve
  • ) Coagulase -ve
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8
Q

What does staphylococcus saphrophyticus cause?

A

Honeymoon cystitis (UTI)

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9
Q

What do we give to treat staphylococcus saphrophyticus?

A

Trimethoprim

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10
Q

Give the investigations for streptococcus pneumoniae (4)

A
  • ) Gram +ve cocci
  • ) Catalase -ve
  • ) Green BA (ALPHA)
  • ) Optochin sensitive
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11
Q

What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

A
  • ) Pneumonia (community)

- ) Meningitis

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12
Q

What do we give to treat streptococcus pneumoniae? (2)

A

Amoxicillin, cephotaxime

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13
Q

Give the investigations for streptococcus viridans (4)

A
  • ) Gram +ve cocci
  • ) Catalase -ve
  • ) Green BA (ALPHA)
  • ) Optochin resistant
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14
Q

What does streptococcus viridans cause?

A

Endocarditis (rheumatic patients in dental)

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15
Q

What do we give to treat streptococcus viridans? (2)

A

Benzylpenicillin and gentamycin

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16
Q

Give the investigations for streptococcus pyogenes (4)

A
  • ) Gram +ve cocci
  • ) Catalase -ve
  • ) Clear BA (BETA)
  • ) Lancefield type A
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17
Q

What does streptococcus pyogenes cause?

A
  • ) Cellulitis, nec fac, impetigo, scarlet fever
  • ) Strep throat
  • ) Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis
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18
Q

What do we give to treat streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Amoxicillin

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19
Q

Give the investigations for listeria monocytogenes (2)

A
  • ) Gram +ve bacilli

- ) Aerobic

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20
Q

What does listeria monocytogenes cause?

A
  • ) Meningitis (immunocompromised)
  • ) Sepsis (neonates)
  • ) Abortion (pregnancy)
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21
Q

What do we give to treat listeria monocytogenes? (2)

A

Amoxicillin and gentamycin

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22
Q

Give the investigations for clostridium (2)

A
  • ) Gram +ve bacilli

- ) Anaerobic

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23
Q

What does clostridium cause?

A
  • ) Perfringes - gas gangrene
  • ) Tetani - tetanus
  • ) Difficile - pseudomem colitis
  • ) Botulinum - botulism
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24
Q

Give the investigations for bacillus (2)

A
  • ) Gram +ve bacilli

- ) Anaerobic

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25
Q

What does bacillus cause?

A
  • ) Anthracis - antrax

- ) Cereus - food poisoning (rice)

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26
Q

Which gram positive bacteria is notifiable?

A

Bacillus

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27
Q

Give the investigations for escherichia coli (2)

A
  • ) Gram -ve bacilli

- ) Lactose fermenter

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28
Q

What does escherichia coli cause?

A
  • ) Diarrhoea
  • ) UTI
  • ) Pneumonia
  • ) Meningitis
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29
Q

What do we give to treat escherichia coli? (3)

A
  • ) Supportive
  • ) Trimetrhoprime
  • ) Amoxicillin
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30
Q

Give the investigations for klebsiella pneumoniae (2)

A
  • ) Gram -ve bacteria

- ) Lactose fermenter

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31
Q

What does klebsiella pneumoniae cause?

A
  • ) Pneumonia (hospital/immuno)

- ) UTI

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32
Q

What do we give to treat klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

Cefotaxime (cephalosporin)

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33
Q

Give the investigations for nesisseria (2)

A
  • ) Gram -ve cocci

- ) Oxidase +ve

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34
Q

What does nesisseria cause?

A
  • ) Meningitis (teens)

- ) Gonorrhoea

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35
Q

What do we give to treat nesisseria? (2)

A
  • ) Benzylpenicillin

- ) Ciprofloxacin

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36
Q

Give the investigations for haemophilus influenzae (2)

A
  • ) Gram -ve coccobacilli (parvobacteria)

- ) VX on chocolate agar

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37
Q

What does haemophilus influenzae cause?

A
  • ) Meningitis (teens)
  • ) Pneumonia
  • ) Cellulitis
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38
Q

What do we give to treat haemophilus influenzae?

A

Cefotaxime

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39
Q

Give the investigations for legionella pneumophila (2)

A
  • ) Gram -ve coccobacilli

- ) Urine antigen test

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40
Q

What does legionella pneumophila cause?

A

Pneumonia (water)

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41
Q

What do we give to treat legionella pneumophila? (2)

A

Amoxicillin and rifampicin

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42
Q

Give the investigations for pseudomonas auguensa (3)

A
  • ) Gram -ve bacilli
  • ) Non-lactose fermenter
  • ) Oxidase +ve
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43
Q

What does pseudomonas auguensa cause?

A
  • ) UTI (catheterised)
  • ) Pneumonia (bronchiectasis/CF)
  • ) Smelly sputum
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44
Q

What do we give to treat pseudomonas auguensa? (2)

A

Gentamycin and ceftazidime

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45
Q

Give the investigations for proteus mirabilis (2)

A
  • ) Gram -ve bacilli

- ) Non-lactose fermenter

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46
Q

What does proteus mirabilis cause?

A
  • ) UTI

- ) Kidney stones

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47
Q

What do we give to treat proteus mirabilis?

A

Trimethoprim

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48
Q

Give the investigations for campylobacter jejuni/coli (2)

A
  • ) Parvobacteria, gram -ve coccobacilli

- ) Oxidase +ve

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49
Q

What does campylobacter jejuni/coli cause?

A
  • ) Diarrhoea +/- dysentery
  • ) Reactive arthritis
  • ) Guillain Barre
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50
Q

What do we give to treat campylobacter jejuni/coli?

A

None/ciprofloxacin

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51
Q

Give the investigation for helicobacter pylori (1)

A

Oxidase +ve

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52
Q

What does helicobacter pylori cause?

A
  • ) Chronic gastritis

- ) Peptic ulcers

53
Q

What do we give to treat helicobacter pylori? (3)

A

Amoxicillin and clarythromycin and PPI

54
Q

Give the investigations for salmonella (3)

A
  • ) Gram -ve bacilli
  • ) Non-lactose fermenter
  • ) Oxidase -ve
55
Q

What does salmonella cause?

A

Diarrhoea and abdominal pain

56
Q

Give the investigations for shigella (3)

A
  • ) Gram -ve bacilli
  • ) Non lactose fermenter
  • ) Oxidase -ve
57
Q

What does shigella cause?

A

Dysentery

58
Q

Give the investigations for mycobacterium tuberculosis (2)

A
  • ) Acid fast bacilli (Ziehl-Neelsen stain)

- ) Culture - Lowenstein-Jenson slopes

59
Q

What does mycobacterium tuberculosis cause?

A

TB

60
Q

What do we give to treat mycobacterium tuberculosis? (4)

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

61
Q

Which gram negative bacteria is notifiable?

A

Legionella pneumophila

62
Q

Give the investigations for HIV (2)

A
  • ) Retrovirus

- ) Western blotting

63
Q

What does HIV cause?

A

AIDS

64
Q

How do we define AIDS? (2)

A

CD4<200

AIDS defining illness

65
Q

What do we give to treat HIV?

A

Antiretrovirals HAART

66
Q

Give the investigation for herpes varicella zoster

A

ELISA - IgM antibody

67
Q

What does herpes varicella zoster cause?

A

1 - cold sores

2 - genital ulcers and dysuria

68
Q

What do we give to treat herpes varicella zoster?

A

Aciclovir

69
Q

Give the investigation for EBV

A

Immunofluorescent anti-IgG

70
Q

What does EBV cause?

A

Glandular fever

71
Q

What do we give to treat EBV?

A

None (not PENICILLIN!)

72
Q

What does EBV stand for?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

73
Q

What does HPV cause?

A

Genital warts (cancer risk)

74
Q

What do we do to treat HPV?

A

Surgery/cauterisation

75
Q

What does HPV stand for?

A

Human papilloma virus

76
Q

Give the investigation for cytomegalovirus

A

‘Owl eye’ inclusion bodies

77
Q

What does cytomegalovirus cause?

A
  • ) Glandular fever-like

- ) Pneumonitis/hepatitis/diarrhoea (immunocompromised)

78
Q

What do we give to treat cytomegalovirus?

A

Nothing

79
Q

Give the investigations for hepatitis B (2)

A
  • ) DNA

- ) ELISA - HBsAg surface antigen

80
Q

What does hepatitis B cause?

A

-) Fever, malaise, arthralgia ++, jaundice, pruritus

81
Q

What do we give to treat hepatitis B?

A

Chronic - PEG interferon-alpha-2a

82
Q

Give the investigation for hepatitis C

A

PCR - Hep C RNA

83
Q

What does hepatitis C cause?

A

Mild, cirrhosis, cancer risk

84
Q

What do we give to treat hepatitis C?

A

Chronic - PEG interferon-alpha-2a and ribavirin

85
Q

Give the investigation for hepatitis A

A

ELISA - IgM antibody +ve

86
Q

What does hepatitis A cause?

A

-) Fever, malaise, arthralgia, jaundice, rigor

87
Q

What do we give to treat hepatitis A?

A

Supportive

88
Q

Give the investigations for influenza A/B (2)

A
  • ) RNA

- ) NAAT/complement fixation test

89
Q

What does influenza A/B cause?

A

-) Fever, malaise, arthralgia

90
Q

What do we give to treat influenza A/B? (2)

A
  • ) Supportive

- ) Flu vaccine

91
Q

Give the investigations for respiratory syncytial virus (2)

A
  • ) RNA

- ) Monoclonal ab +ve

92
Q

What does respiratory syncytial virus cause?

A
  • ) Bronchiolitis (infants)

- ) Croup

93
Q

Give the investigations for morbillivirus (2)

A
  • ) Inclusion bodies

- ) IgM +ve

94
Q

What does morbillivirus cause?

A

-) Measles (fever, conjunctivits, rash behind ears not palms)

95
Q

What do we give to treat morbillivirus?

A

Supportive

96
Q

Give the investigation for enterovirus

A

Culture CSF

97
Q

What does enterovirus cause?

A

Meningitis (slow onset)

98
Q

Give the investigation for rubivirus

A

Rubella-specific IgM +ve

99
Q

What does rubivirus cause?

A

-) Rubella/German measles (fever, conjunctivitis (petechial rash), congenital malformation of baby

100
Q

How can we prevent rubivirus?

A

MMR vaccination

101
Q

What do we give for rubivirus?

A

Nothing

102
Q

Give the investigation for paramyxovirus

A

Salivary IgM +ve

103
Q

What does paramyxovirus cause?

A

Mumps (parotid swelling/fever/malaise/epididymo-orchitis)

104
Q

What do we give to treat paramyxovirus?

A

Supportive

105
Q

Give the investigation for parvovirus (B19)

A

ELISA - IgM +ve (acute)

106
Q

What does parvovirus (B19) cause?

A

Slapped cheek

107
Q

What do we give to treat parvovirus (B19)?

A

Supportive

108
Q

Which 3 viruses are notifiable?

A
  • ) Morbillivirus
  • ) Rubivirus
  • ) Paramyxovirus
109
Q

Give the investigation for candida albicans

A

Sabourad agar

110
Q

What does candida albicans cause?

A
  • ) Thrust (oral, oesophageal, vaginal)

- ) Endocarditis

111
Q

What do we give to treat candida albicans?

A

Amphotericin B

112
Q

Give the investigation for pneumocystis jyrovecii pneumoniae

A

PCR detection

113
Q

What does pneumocystis jyrovecii pneumoniae cause?

A

Pneumonia (HIV)

114
Q

What do we give to treat pneumocystis jyrovecii pneumoniae?

A

Co-trimoxazole

115
Q

Give the investigation for toxoplasmosis gondii

A

ELISA - IgM

116
Q

What does toxoplasmosis gondii cause?

A

Encephalitis (AIDS)

117
Q

What do we give to treat toxoplasmosis gondii? (2)

A

Pyrimethamine and sulphonamide

118
Q

Give the investigation for plasmodium falciparum, p. vivid, p. ovale, p. malariae

A

Thick and thin blood smears stained with Giemsa stain

119
Q

What do plasmodium falciparum, p. vivid, p. ovale, p. malariae cause?

A

Malaria (f - quptiden fever, v - 72hrly, m - 96hrly)

120
Q

What do we give to treat plasmodium falciparum, p. vivid, p. ovale, p. malariae?

A
  • ) Non F - chloroquine

- ) F = quinine sulphate and doxycycline

121
Q

Give the investigation for giardia lamblia

A

Microscopy - trophozoites and cysts

122
Q

What does giardia lamblia cause?

A

Diarrhoea (watery then steatorrhoea and nausea and abdominal pain)

123
Q

What do we give to treat giardia lamblia?

A

Metronidazole

124
Q

Give the investigation for trichomonas vaginalis

A

Papanicolaou smear

125
Q

What does trichomonas vaginalis cause?

A

Vaginal discharge (yellow-green, itchy, dyspareunia)

126
Q

What do we give to treat trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole

127
Q

Give the investigation for trypanosoma

A

Blood film - trypomastigotes

128
Q

What does trypanosoma cause?

A
  • ) Brucei - African sleeping sickness

- ) Cruzi - Chaga’s disease

129
Q

Nice one - you got through microbiology!

A

:)

Nadim Phase 2A (18 decks)

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