Working With Mac OS and Linux

Question 1

____ are duplicate copies of key information, ideally stored in a location other than the one where the information is currently stored.

Answer 1

Backups

Question 2

____ are partial or full backups that are kept at the computer center for immediate recovery purposes.

Answer 2

shadow copies

Question 3

Typically, working copies are intended for ____. They are usually updated on a frequent basis.

Answer 3

immediate use
*Note
Working copies aren’t usually intended to serve as long-term copies. In a busy environment, they may be created every few hours.

Question 4

A ____ includes a log file of all changes and transactions that have occurred within a set period of time (such as the last few hours)

Answer 4

journaled file system (JFS)

Question 5

____ usually refers to a location on the site of the computer center that is used to store information locally.

Answer 5

Onsite storage
*Note
Onsite storage containers are available that allow computer cartridges, tapes, and other backup media to be stored in a reasonably protected environment in the building.

Question 6

____ refers to a location away from the computer center where paper copies and backup media are kept.

Answer 6

Offsite storage

Question 7

Both ___ and ___ have on-the-fly defragmentation methods and implement file allocation strategies different than their traditional Windows counterparts.

Answer 7

ext3 and ext4

Question 8

Depending on the variant of Linux you are running, ___ can be useful in getting the patches from a repository site and downloading them for installation.

Answer 8

APT (Advanced Package Tool)

Question 9

Depending on the variant of Linux you are running, APT (Advanced Package Tool) can be useful in getting the patches from a repository site and downloading them for installation. The most common command used with this tool is ____, which, as the name implies, gets the package for installation.

Answer 9

apt-get

Question 10

In the Mac OS X world, ____ is an application from Apple that can be used to make backups of various types (incremental, full, and so forth).

Answer 10

Time Machine

Question 11

____ are archives of key files and settings as they exist at a moment in time—images. It is possible to take ____ and restore them as needed.

Answer 11

Snapshots

Question 12

There are a number of disk maintenance utilities available with, or for, Mac OS and Linux. The most important ones to know are ___, which will show how much disk space is in use, to see how much space is free, and ___ to check and repair disks.

Answer 12

du
df
fsck

Question 13

It is possible to run a large number of things at one time, whether those things in question are apps or desktops. Apple’s ____ is an easy way to see what is open and switch between applications.

Answer 13

Mission Control

Question 14

____ is a password management system from Apple.

Answer 14

Keychain

Question 15

____ can search for documents, images, apps, and so on. Recent versions include auto-complete features as well as suggestions for additional results (usually on Wikipedia , iTunes, and so on).

Answer 15

Spotlight

Question 16

This Mac OS X feature lets you access files on a CD or DVD installed in one machine on a remote machine. This is handy if you need to retrieve files from a disc and the workstation at which you are sitting does not have a built-in drive.

Answer 16

Remote Disk

Question 17

In Mac OS X, there is a bar of icons that runs along the bottom (or side, if so configured) of your screen. That set of icons is known as the ____, and it provides easy access to key apps that come with the Mac (such as Safari, Mail, Videos, and Music) or others that you choose to add there.

Answer 17

dock

Question 18

If a command is too long to fit on a single line, you can press the key ____ followed by Enter.

Answer 18

backslash

\

Question 19

You can concatenate (that is, string together) several shorter commands on a single line by separating the commands with ____.

Answer 19

semicolons (;)

Question 20

Similar to ifconfig , but used for wireless configuration.

Answer 20

iwconfig

Question 21

If you’re listed as an authorized user in the ____ file, sudo executes the command as if you were logged in as root.

Answer 21

/etc/sudoers

Question 22

When you type ____, bash shows you the current set of processes.

Answer 22

ps ax

Question 23

You can create an entire directory tree by using the ___ option with the mkdir command.

Answer 23

-p

Question 24

___ lets you browse through folders and find files, disks, apps, and so on. You can change the view to see the entries with images, a list view, a column view, and so on.

Answer 24

Finder