Wk 3. Interventional radiography

Question 1

What does the radiographer need to do when stenting?

Answer 1

Calibration and measuring the catheter

Question 2

what is needed for deployment of the balloon and stent?

Answer 2

lesion width and lesion

length

Question 3

what is the general process of stenting (non-emergency)

- 10 steps

Answer 3

1. Acquisition of the coronary artery
2. Calculate a calibration
3. Take an image of the vessels
4. Measure the width and length of the lesion
5. Determine the stent size needed
6. Insert a guide wire into the vessel and past the lesion
7. Insert the balloon over the wire. Inflate the balloon
8. Once dilation has occurred, insert the stent and inflate once in place.
9. Take a post stent run
10. Insert balloon/stent as needed to touch up the lesion

Question 4

what is the difference between a fine needle biopsy and a core needle biopsy?

Answer 4

FNA:
-Relatively safe, few cells collected, location of mass requires precise position of needle
Core:
- Invasive, cells in surrounding tissue collected, inconclusive F.N.A results

Question 5

what is a Pleurocentesis/ Thoracotentesis/ Pleural tap

Answer 5

a procedure that removes fluid from the lungs or Pleural space

Question 6

what is an IVC filter and what does it do?

Answer 6

A device that sites in the IVC. The filter prevents emboli from traveling to the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain etc.

Question 7

where does an IVC sit?

Answer 7

just below renal veins

Question 8

what are 5 complications of an IVC filter?

Answer 8

• hooks can rip lining of IVC
• may not lodge into the wall properly; infective
• filter may not ‘grab’ properly and float up into the chest area
• Migration
• renal vein occlusion

Question 9

3 indications for an IVC filter

Answer 9

• failure to respond to blood thinning medication
• DVT
• Recent PE

Question 10

what is an aneurysm

Answer 10

swelling of a vessel wall

Question 11

what are the 3 goals of aneurysm treatment

Answer 11

• Prevent further growth of aneurysm
• Prevent rupture
• Allow the patient to continue with normal activities

Question 12

what are 3 treatment options for aneurysms?

Answer 12

• medication
• surgery
• endovascular stent

Question 13

6 indications for an NG tube insertion

Answer 13

• inability to take food
• reduce risk of increased vomiting symptoms
• medication administration/ oral contrast
• trans diaphragmatic stomach terniation
• compression of stomach/ obstruction
• anorexia

Question 14

NG tube contra-indications

Answer 14

• Basilar/occipital skull fracture

- Facial fractures/trauma to sinuses

Question 15

NG tube complications

Answer 15

• Internal bleeding via rupture of oesophagus
• Pulmonary placement
• Pneumothorax
• Aspiration

Question 16

what are three different types of catheter insertions

Answer 16

PICC line
Tunnelled catheter (central line)
Implanted Port (Port-a-cath)

Question 17

indications for a jugular trans-hepatic shunt insertion

Answer 17

cirrhosis

Question 18

where is a jugular trans-hepatic shunt inserted?

Answer 18

into the jugular, then SVC, then R atrium and to the IVC then to the hepatic and portal vein

Question 19

what is embolisation?

Answer 19

the process where a catheter is used to place a media that occludes a vessel that is haemorrhaging or undergoing an aneurysm process

Question 20

what agents are used to help embolisation? (6)

Answer 20

• coils
• balloons
• vascular plug
• wires
• sutures
• gelfoam