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RUSVM Physiology 1 > Wigger's Diagram > Flashcards

Flashcards in Wigger's Diagram Deck (25)
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1
Q

What are the 6 phases of the cardiac cycle?

A
  1. Atrial systole
  2. Isovolumetric contraction
  3. Ventricular Ejection
  4. Isovolumetric relaxation
  5. Rapid Inflow
  6. Diastasis
2
Q

Which phases are considered to be part of the the diastolic cycle of the heart?

A
  1. Atrial systole
  2. Isovolumetric relaxation
  3. Rapid Inflow
  4. Diastasis
3
Q

Which phases of the cardiac cycle are considered to be part of the systolic cycle?

A
  1. Isovolumetric Contraction

3. Ventricular Ejection

4
Q

Which chambers have higher pressure, atria or ventricles?

A

Ventricles

5
Q

Which chamber has the highest pressure and why?

A

Left ventricle. Has to overcome pressure within the aorta and be able to pump blood to the rest of the body.

6
Q

ECG is useful in diagnosing…

A

Arrhythmias

Conduction Disturbances

7
Q

What does atrial depolarization show up as on an ECG?

A

P wave

8
Q

On ECG, what does the QRS complex represent?

A

Ventricular depolarization

9
Q

What does ventricular hyperpolarization show up as on ECG?

A

T wave

10
Q

In the Wigger’s Diagram, what happens to ventricular pressure and volume during isovolumetric contraction and relaxation?

A

Contraction: Pressure increases, volume stays the same

Relaxation: Pressure decreases, volume stays the same

11
Q

In Wigger’s Diagram, what happens at the peak of ventricular pressure?

A

Ventricular ejection. Volume is decreased.

Shows on ECG as T wave.

12
Q

In regards to pressure, when does the AV valve open?

A

When ventricular pressure decreases after isovolumetric relaxation and is lower than atrial pressure.

13
Q

According to Wigger’s, when is the 1st heart sound auscultated?

A

Closing of the AV valve.
Ventricular pressure increases.
End of QRS complex, as isovolumetric contraction occurs.

14
Q

According to Wigger’s, when is the 2nd heart sound auscultated?

A

Closing of the aortic valve.
Ventricular pressure decreases
After ventricular ejection, as isovolumetric relaxation occurs.

15
Q

At the time of atrial contraction, what happens to ventricular pressure?

A

Increases slightly from extra blood being injected into it.

16
Q

What is the A wave on Wigger’s Diagram?

A

Atrial contraction

17
Q

What is the atrial C wave on Wigger’s Diagram?

A

Slight increase in atrial pressure as ventricles begin to contract.
(some backflow of blood into the atria)

18
Q

What is the atrial V wave on Wigger’s Diagram?

A

Slight increase in atrial pressure after ventricular contraction due to trickle of blood into atria while AV valves are still closed.

19
Q

What is the diastolic pressure inside the aorta?

A

80mmHg

20
Q

Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent flow through cardiac defects

A

Murmurs

Exaggerations: valve regurgitation or valve stenosis

Extra sounds: Ventricular septal defect or Patent Ductus Arteriosus

21
Q

What is the more common type of murmur, which happens during ventricular systole?

A

Systolic Murmurs

22
Q

Types of systolic murmurs (4)

A

Mitral or Tricuspid incompetence: regurgitation

Aortic or Pulmonic Stenosis: systolic turbulence because the valve does not open enough

Ventricular Septal Defect: Hole or cleft in the interventricular septum

Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Persistence of the opening between aorta and pulmonary artery. (CONTINUOUS MURMUR b/c aortic pressure is always higher than pulmonary artery)

23
Q

What type of murmurs are less common and occur during ventricular diastole?

A

Diastolic Murmurs

24
Q

Examples or diastolic murmurs

A

Tricuspid or Mitral stenosis
Pulmonic and Aortic Insufficiency
PDA: CONTINUOUS murmur

25
Q

In which direction does blood flow?

A

Toward the place with lower pressureq