Western Civilization Industrialization and Roman Romanticism Study Guide Flashcards Preview

Western Civilization > Western Civilization Industrialization and Roman Romanticism Study Guide > Flashcards

Flashcards in Western Civilization Industrialization and Roman Romanticism Study Guide Deck (52)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

It was widely believed that the _______ __________ began after ___

A

Industrial Revolution; 1750

2
Q

Britain’s emergence as teh first industrial power was aided by: _____ ______ _____, _____ _ _____ ready supply of domestic and colonial markets, and developed financial system.

A

rapid population growth; surplus of labor

3
Q

The _____ ________ in Britain was largely inspired by _______ __________.

A

Industrial Revolution; aggressive entrepreneurs

4
Q

_______ _________ invented the water frarme spinning machine.

A

Richard Arkwright

5
Q

Britain’s ______ ______ ______ was the first industry to industrialize.

A

Cotton textile industry

6
Q

_____ was the power behind steam engines during the first ______ ________.

A

Coal; Industrial Revolution

7
Q

In the late 1700’s, Britain’s ___ ______ imports ________ dramatically.

A

raw cotton; increased

8
Q

Factory owners instituted a life of _____ _________ and the rigors of __________ ____ labor.

A

Harsh discipline; competitive wage

9
Q

_________ ________ were the way to discipline very young boys and girls working in new _______ industries

A

Repeated beatings; British

10
Q

Workers lost their means of production and could only sell their _____ for a wage as a result of _______________.

A

labor; Industrialization

11
Q

The newly built _______ ______ held Britian’s _____ __________ of 1851

A

Crystal Palace; Great Exhibition

12
Q

To protect its __________ _______, Britain prohibited insutrail artisans from going abroad.

A

industrial monopoly

13
Q

On the _________ _________, government played a ______ role in Continental industrialization.

A

European Continent; larger

14
Q

By 1850, the ______ _____ and _______ ______ were closing the gap with Great Britain. Russia had not

A

United States; Western Europe

15
Q

American Industrialization was a _______-______ endeavor because there was a _______ pool of unskilled laborers in the United States.

A

capital-intensive; larger

16
Q

The ________ system ______ costs ad revolutionized production through labor-saving innovations inmanufacturing

A

American; reduced

17
Q

The _________ population explosion was attributable to the disappearance of ______ from Western Europe.

A

European; famine

18
Q

The ______ of the _______ crop in _______ resulted in the Great Hunger

A

failure; potato; Ireland

19
Q

19.

A

19.

20
Q

_____ _______ advocated modern sanitary reforms that resulted in Britains first Public Health Act.

A

Edwin Chadwick

21
Q

The new industrial entrepreneurial class was mostly resourceful individuals with ______ ____ _______.

A

diverse social backgrounds

22
Q

_____ labor in the Industrial Age did nothing to change traditional female working patterns

A

Women

23
Q

The _______ _____ ____ of 1834 established workhouses where jobless poor people were forced to live

A

English Poor Act

24
Q

The Industrial Revolution resulted in the: betterment of the middle classes, a ______ disparity between the ______ and the ______ classes in society, and eventually led to an overall _____ in purchasing power for the working class

A

increased; richest; poorest; increase

25
Q

The ________ were artisans who destroyed industrial machines that destroyed their livelihood.

A

Luddites

26
Q

Efforts at industrial reform in the 1830’s and 1840’s in _____ _______ did not achieve establishment of a ________ _____ of _____ ______ by 1847

A

Great Britain; national system of trade unions

27
Q

Romanticism was characterized by:

A
  • a strong, pantheistic worship of nature
  • preoccupation with sentiment
  • suffering
  • self-sacrifice
  • reverence for history that inspired nationalism
  • a reaction to the excesses of the Industrial Revolution
28
Q

______ ______ argued that historical events were largely determined by the deeds of ______ heroes who transformed society,

A

Thomas Carlyle; Romantic

29
Q

The ________ ________ can be viewed as a reaction against the ___________’s preoccupation with reason

A

Romantic Movement; Enlightenment

30
Q

______ was the most important form of Romantic literary expression

A

Poetry

31
Q

Romantic artists focused on ________ and ______ of ___________ in their art

A

landscapes; depiction of nature

32
Q

___-______ buildings exhibited the nineteenth-century revival of medieval architecture

A

Neo-Gothic

33
Q

Romanticism in art and music was well characterized by the compositions of ________.

A

Beethoven

34
Q

Turner’s paintings were described as “____ _____, painted with ____ _____”.

A

airy visions; tinted steam

35
Q

Religion in the age of Romanticism experienced a ________ revival, in places like _______.

A

Catholic; Germany

36
Q

The lower classes remained in poverty despite the emergence of the late nineteenth-century _____ ________.

A

mass society

37
Q

By 1900, ______ had emergence as a leader in _______, controlling __ percent of the market.

A

Germany; dyestuffs; 90

38
Q

The Second Industrial Revolution saw the advent of ______.

A

steel

39
Q

________ became the new energy source that drove the Second Industrial Revolution.

A

Electricity

40
Q

_____ _____ revolutionized the car industry with the mass production of the _____ _.

A

Henry Ford; Model T

41
Q

In a cartel, independent enterprises worked together to _____ prices and _____ production

A

control; fix

42
Q

Industrialization in _____ was a result of government planning and initiative.

A

Japan

43
Q

In late nineteenth-century Europe, _____ competition for foreign markets and growing importance of domestic demand for economic development led to a strong reaction against free trade and imposition of steep protective tariffs by most nations.

A

increased

44
Q

“_____” jobs for women involved subcontracting of piecework, usually in tailoring trades

A

Sweating

45
Q

During the SIR, _______-____ ________ emphasized the gender role of women as housewives

A

working-class organizations

46
Q

_____ migrations to cities by country women and their increasingly desperate struggle for urban economic survival led to a rise in _____ ________in European cities

A

Heavy; female prostitution

47
Q

The state with the most successful _______ party in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was ________.

A

socialist; Germany

48
Q

An issue that united all socialists together in the nineteenth century was the desire to improve ______ and ______ ______ for most workers.

A

working; living conditions

49
Q

______ ________ believed that socialism could best be achieved through the democratic process

A

Eduard Bernstein

50
Q

The ___ _____ __________ prior to WWI, varied from country to country, but was generally allied with socialists parties.

A

Trade Union Movement

51
Q

Initially, trade unions in the first half of the nineteenth-century function primarily as ___ ___ _______.

A

Mutual aid societies

52
Q

Ealry ________ believed that violence was the best means of achieving true freedom

A

anarchists