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Flashcards in Week 6 Deck (62)
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1
Q

What is Flexor Tendon Injury of the finger?

A

Presents with DIP flexion loss

2
Q

What is another name for flexor tendon injury of the finger?

A

Jersey finger

3
Q

What does flexor tendon injury of the finger result from?

A

A forceful hyperextension of the DIP joint with the FDP in maximal contraction
Example jersey ripped out of tackler’s grip

4
Q

Which is the primary flexor of the index, middle, ring and small finger?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

5
Q

Where does the flexor digitorum profundus insert?

A

Distal phalanx

6
Q

Where does the flexor tendon injury usually rupture?

A

Tendon rupture occurs at the bony insertion site

7
Q

What is the orthotic treatment for Jersey finger?

A

Buddy system

WHO-only use when buddy system flexion is painful

8
Q

What are other names for ulnar collateral ligament injury?

A

gamekeeper’s thumb

skier’s thumb

9
Q

What does the ulnar collateral ligament do?

A

Supplies structural lateral support of the thumb for fine motor functional activities and weight bearing tasks

10
Q

What is the common cause of ulnar collateral ligament injury?

A

A severe, sudden valgus force placed on the already abducted thumb

11
Q

What is ulnar collateral ligament injury?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament ruptures at its distal insertion site into the base of the proximal phalanx

12
Q

What are the common sports associated with ulnar collateral ligament injury?

A

Football
Wrestling
Skiing

13
Q

What is the orthotic treatment of ulnar collateral ligament injury?

A

Thumb spica orthosis that encases the IP and MP joints with the thumb in slight adduction

14
Q

How long does the patient immobilize the ulnar collateral ligament injury?

A

6-10 weeks

15
Q

What treatment occurs after 8-12 weeks of ulnar collateral ligament injury?

A

Physical therapy with progression into lateral pinch strengthening and oppositional strengthening

16
Q

What makes up the traingular fibrocartilage complex?

A
Ulnotriquetral ligament
ulnolunate ligament
plamar radioulnar ligament
articular disc
dorsal radioulnar ligament
(Triangular fibrocartilage, palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments, and the ulnar carpal ligaments)
17
Q

What does TFCC stand for?

A

Triangular fibrocartilage complex

18
Q

What is the centerpiece of the trianguar fibrocatilage complex?

A

The articular disc

19
Q

How common is TFCC injury?

A

Not common-1 every few years

20
Q

What is TFCC injury?

A

TFCC avulsion from distal sigmoid notch

21
Q

Where does the disc originate and insert for the TFCC?

A

Originates from the sigmoid notch of the distal radius

Inserts into the fovea at the base of the ulnar stylod process

22
Q

What merges to create the TFCC?

A

Volar fibers of the articular disc
ulnolunate ligament
ulnotriquetral ligament

23
Q

What is the TFCC critical in supporting?

A

The ulnar carpus (Carpal bones that articulate with the ulna)

24
Q

What does the TFCC act as?

A

A decelerator and shock absorber when conducting the radial and ulnar deviation activities

25
Q

How is the TFCC injured?

A

Distal radius fractures and wrist sprains.

26
Q

What is the orthotic treatment for TFCC?

A

Antiinflammatory medication and a resting splint to limit pronation, supination and joint loading activities

27
Q

How long is the orthosis worn for TFCC?

A

4-6 weeks

28
Q

What is another orthotic treatment option for TFCC after 4-6 weeks?

A

A custom fitted long arm splint with 90 degrees elbow flexion, forearm neutral, and wrist 10-20 degrees extension

29
Q

What orthotic treatment can be used for metacarpal fractures?

A

“buddy system” hand orthosis-stabilizes whole hand or just the last two fingers
Partial WHO-maintain and stabilizes the arch with palmar extension
Palm splint-allows 1 and 2 to move

30
Q

What is a 5th metacarpal fracture also called?

A

Boxer’s fracture

31
Q

How does boxer’s fracture occur?

A

When people are upset and punch wall, locker, equipment, person causing a fracture of the 5th metacarpal

32
Q

What is the orthotic treatment for boxer’s fracture?

A

MP flexed with HO or WHO

33
Q

How do wrist fracture occur?

A

Fall or MVA or any strong force on the hand

A sudden force pushing the hand backwards

34
Q

What is another name for a distal radius fracture?

A

Colles fracture

35
Q

How does a Colles fracture occur?

A

When the broken fragment of the radius tilts upward

36
Q

What is another name for smith’s fracture?

A

Reverse colles fracture

37
Q

How does a smith’s fracture occur?

A

A backward fall on the palm of an outstretched hand causing pronation of upper extremity while the hand is fixed to the ground

38
Q

What is a Chauffer’s fracture?

A

Fracture to the styloid process of the radial joint

39
Q

What is another name for a chauffer’s fracture?

A

Hutchinson fracture

40
Q

Where does a chauffer’s fracture often begin?

A

At the junction of the lunate and scaphoid fossae on the radial artuclar surface and extends laterally

41
Q

What is Barton’s fracture?

A

Dislocation of the radiocarpal joint

42
Q

How is barton’s fracture characterized?

A

Shear type fractures of the distal articular surface of the radius with translation of the distal radial fragment and the carpus

43
Q

What are the different areas of the scaphoid bone?

A

Distal pole
Waist
Proximal pole

44
Q

What are the different types of fractures to the scaphoid bone?

A

Tubercle fracture
Transverse
Horizontal oblique
vertical oblique

45
Q

What is the most commonly fractured bone of the carpus?

A

Scaphoid

46
Q

What are the signs that the scaphoid bone is fractured?

A

Complaint of pain and discomfort at the anatomical snuffbox

47
Q

How does a scaphoid fracture usually occur?

A

On an outstretched hand

48
Q

What is important to consider for scaphoid fractures?

A

The poor blood supply to the scaphoid

49
Q

What are acute fracture of the scaphoid?

A
less than 6 weeks
distal oblique
waist
proximal pole
fracture dislocation
50
Q

What are non-unions of the scaphoid?

A
greater than 6 weeks
fibrous union
pseudarthrosis
sclerotic pseudarthrosis
avascular necrosis
51
Q

What often occurs to scaphoid fractures?

A

Mistaken for wrist sprain and immobilization is not carried out

52
Q

What is the orthotic treatment option considerations for scaphoid fractures?

A

Depends on severity

Usually also involves ligamentous injuries affecting wrist stability, and functionality.

53
Q

What are the orthotic treatment options for scaphoid fractures?

A

Non-displaced fractures are typically in a thumb spica orthosis (custom fab or fit)
Fractures of the proximal 2/3 require long arm splinting with distal humerus to prevent forearm rotation and restrict thumb motion

54
Q

Where is the elbow positioned for scaphoid fracture treatment?

A

70 degrees of flexion

Forearm and wrist neutral

55
Q

What tests are used to diagnosis CTS?

A

Phalen’s test

Reverse phalan’s test

56
Q

What is phalan’s test?

A

Wrist flexion with hand together. Tingling is a positive CTS

57
Q

If the arm cannot reach 90 degrees of flexion for the phalan’s test what should you do?

A

Let the arm drop as far as possible without added force

58
Q

Who is Jules Tinel?

A

Studied wartime nerve injuries in France

59
Q

What is the Tinel’s sign?

A

Tapping (percussion) over the areas of the hand of the injured nerve to determine the progress of nerve regrowth

60
Q

What can the injured nerve eventually do?

A

Grow along the old course and re-connect to the original target tissue

61
Q

What is froments sign?

A

The practitioner asks the patient to grip a piece of paper between the thumb and index finger. The flexion of the thumb with resistance indicates adductor pollicis weakness

62
Q

What is Wartenberg’s sign?

A

The little finger lies abducted due to ulnar nerve involvement and the unopposed action of the extensor digitorum