Week 5 - Lesson 1 (Part 2) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Week 5 - Lesson 1 (Part 2) Deck (23)
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1
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of an occlusion of the ICA? (2)

A
  1. Monophasic

2. No windows

2
Q

What happens when the ICA is blocked?

A

The ECA takes over for it

- collateral flow

3
Q

What happens when the ECA takes over for the ICA?

A

It starts to take on qualities like the ICA

4
Q

What happens when the CCA is blocked?

A

The ECA reverses and loops back to feed the ICA (internalization of the ECA)
- so the ICA has normal flow

5
Q

How can you tell if you have internalization of ECA? (2)

A
  1. Tardus Parvus
    - delayed systolic acceleration
  2. Positive temporal tap maneuver
6
Q

What happens if you tap on the temporal artery?

A

It will shatter the diastolic flow of the ECA

- this does not happen in the ICA

7
Q

What happens when you have externalization of the CCA? (4)

A
  1. Occlusion of ICA
  2. Retrograde flow in stump of ICA
  3. Absence of flow in ICA beyond
  4. Higher velocities in the collateral arteries
    - because they are trying to help out
8
Q

What is also known as thud flow?

A

To and fro flow

9
Q

What is thud flow?

A

Damped systolic flow

- reversed flow in early diastole

10
Q

What kind of waveform is thud flow?

A

Biphasic

11
Q

Tardus parvus

A

High grade strong sign at the stenosis

12
Q

Tardus

A

Long rise time

13
Q

Parvus

A

Low peak systolic velocity

14
Q

PSV

A

Peak systolic velocity

15
Q

Where do you see tardus parvus?

A

Distal to the stenosis

- dampening

16
Q

What kind of waveflow is tardus parvus?

A

Monophasic

- continuous

17
Q

When do you get the water-hammer spectral appearance?

A

With CCA flow in severe aortic regurgitation

18
Q

What is the water-hammer spectral appearance? (3)

A
  1. Normal or elevated PSV followed by a precipitous decline
  2. Reversed flow during diastole
  3. Flow should be above the baseline, and it’s not biphasic
19
Q

What is the normal PSV in CCA?

A

45-125 cm/sec

20
Q

What is considered high flow?

A

> 125 cm/sec

- in both CCAs

21
Q

Where do you see high cardiac output? (2)

A
  1. Hypertensive patients

2. Young athletes

22
Q

What is considered low flow?

A

< 45 cm/sec

- in both CCAs

23
Q

Where do you see poor cardiac output? (3)

A
  1. Cardiomyopathies
  2. Valvular heart disease
  3. Extensive myocardial infarction