Week 5 - Bones

Question 1

One function of this long bone structure is the storage of energy in the form of triglycerides.

a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow

Answer 1

e) marrow

Question 2

This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones.

a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow

Answer 2

b) epiphysis

Question 3

This is the shaft of a long bone.

a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow

Answer 3

a) diaphysis

Question 4

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint.

a) periosteum
b) distal epiphysis
c) nutrient foramen
d) articular cartilage
e) epiphyseal plate

Answer 4

d) articular cartilage

Question 5

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length.

a) periosteum
b) distal epiphysis
c) nutrient foramen
d) articular cartilage
e) epiphyseal plate

Answer 5

e) epiphyseal plate

Question 6

This is the region of long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis.

a) epiphyseal plate
b) epiphyseal line
c) metaphysis
d) diaphyseal line
e) diaphyseal plate

Answer 6

c) metaphysis

Question 7

This is the fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved in thickening of the bone.

a) periosteum
b) endosteum
c) marrow
d) epiphysis
4) metaphysis

Answer 7

a) periosteum

Question 8

Which of the following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell?

a) osteogenic cells, osteoclasts, osteocytes
b) osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes
c) osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts
d) osteoblasts, osteogenic cells, osteocytes
e) None of the above

Answer 8

b) osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

Question 9

Which of the following structures contain osteocytes?

a) haversian canals
b) Volkmann’s canals
c) concentric lamelle
d) lacunae
e) canaliculi

Answer 9

d) lacunae

Question 10

These are the extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid.

a) Volkmann’s canals
b) haversian canals
c) osteons
d) canaliculi
e) periosteum

Answer 10

d) canaliculi

Question 11

Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned:

a) horizontal to the metaphysis
b) parallel to the epiphysis
c) along lines of stress
d) randomly between the epiphyseal plates
e) parallel to the perforating canals

Answer 11

c) along lines of stress

Question 12

Which of the following statements about bone remodelling is FALSE?

a) It occurs throughout your lifetime
b) It involves bone resorption
c) It involves bone deposition
d) It occurs at different rates at different locations
e) It occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone

Answer 12

e) It occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone

Question 13

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the four zones of cartilage found within the growth plate starting at the epiphysis and extending to the diaphysis?

a) calcified cartilage, resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage
b) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, calcified cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage
c) proliferating cartilage, resting cartilage, hypotrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage
d) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypotrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage
e) hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage, proliferating cartilage, resting cartilage

Answer 13

d) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypotrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage

Question 14

During adulthood, which of the following does NOT significantly contribute to bone remodeling and growth?

a) parathyroid hormones
b) vitamin d
c) epinephrine
d) sex steroids
e) human growth hormone

Answer 14

c) epinephrine

Question 15

This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children.

a) open
b) comminuted
c) impacted
d) greenstick
e) stress

Answer 15

d) greenstick

Question 16

About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?

a) rib
b) clavicle
c) humerus
d) ulna
e) tibia

Answer 16

e) tibia

Question 17

Which of the following conditions is characterized by reduced bone mass due to a decreased rate of bone synthesis to a level too low to compensate for normal bone resorption?

a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) osteomyelitis
c) osteophytes
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia

Answer 17

e) osteopenia

Question 18

Which of the following conditions is a cancer affecting osteoblasts?

a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) rickets
c) osteomalacia
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia

Answer 18

a) osteogenic sarcoma

Question 19

Which of the following conditions is observed in adults when new bone formed during bone remodeling fails to calcify?

a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) rickets
c) osteomalacia
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia

Answer 19

c) osteomalacia

Question 20

Osteomalacia is a disease in which inadequate calcification of the bone matrix results in bones becoming soft or rubbery to the point that they become very fragile and fracture easily. Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones would produce similar changes in bone?

a) calcitonin
b) calcitriol
c) PTH
d) growth hormone
e) epinephrine

Answer 20

c) PTH

Question 21

During endochondral ossification in a fetus, bones initially develop as a carilage model surrounded by a connective tissue covering called the:

a) periosteum
b) endosteum
c) perichondrium
d) perimysium
e) trabeculae

Answer 21

c) perichondrium