missing parts?
What is electro negativity?
the grabbing power of electrons
What are the characteristics of a covalent bond?
lower melting and boiling points are liquid or gas at room temp not conductive of electricity non water soluble
what is anion?
a negative charge
What is a reactant?
the beginning substance in a reaction
How are the orbitals in an ionic bond?
the orbital do not overlap
What is catabolism?
the breaking down
What are lysosomes
powerful hydrolytic enzymes enclosed in a single protective membrane that fuses with vacuoles containing engulfed bacteria or cell nutrients and digests them
What are peroxisomes and what do they do?
membranous sacks containing enzymes found in the cell, they carry 2 enzymes: peroxidases and catalases the detoxifiers, and home of antioxidants
What is fission?
reproducing by pinching in half
what happens on the outside of the mitochondria?
Acetyl Co A
What is hydrophobic?
afraid of water (ex: non polar tails of phosphate head)
what is reduction?
when an element gains an electron
What is a synthesis reaction?
taking 2 simple reactants and making a complex (anabolism)
what is an oxidation reduction reaction?
when there is a gain and loss of electrons
What does peroxidases do?
take free radicals and produce hydrogen peroxide
what is ionization?
when particles get a charge
What does the ER do?
provides more surface area, home of ribosomes (rough), Production of lipid and hormones (smooth), detoxifying properties
What are the microfilaments like in muscle cells?
permanent, highly developed myofibrils, which shorten to cause muscle contractions
Ribosomes are
the site of protein synthesis made of 2 parts called ribosomal RNA
What is a hydrogen bond?
a specific type of weak ionic bond (electrostatic attraction, the weakest bond) bond between hydrogen atoms already covalently bonded in a molecule to oppositely charged particles
what is a product?
the end substance of a reaction
What 2 functions happen inside the mitochondria?
Kreb cycle and electron transfer
In the cytoskeleton where are the microfilaments?
located near the cell surface on cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane
Mitochondria produce how much of a cells ATP?
95%
What are the characteristics of a hydrogen bond?
work to stabilize and hold the shape of large complex molecules like proteins and DNA heat will break the bond
what is oxidization?
when an element gives up an electron
What does catalases do?
they convert hydrogen peroxide into water
What is an exchange reaction?
(dose’ do) when you exchange partners in a reaction (ex: NaHCO3 + HCl —> NaCl + H2O + CO2
What is hydrophilic?
water loving (ex: phosphate head)
what is cation?
a positive charge
what are the characteristics of an ionic bond?
have to have a metal in them to be ionic water soluble high melting and boiling point only solid at room temp are reactive to electricity
How are microfilaments arranged?
in bundles and mesh work
How do mitochondria reproduce when they are in high demand?
By fission
What are microfilaments composed of?
Contracting protein (actin) motor protein (myosin)
What are the 3 chemical reactions?
synthesis, decomposition and exchange
What is a chemical bond?
a reaction
what is electrostatic attraction?
atoms drawn together by their electronic charges
What is the universal solvent?
water
what is anabolism?
the building up
What is and what does the Golgi Apparatus do?
a continuous channel gets proteins where they need to go functions in polysaccharide synthesis and coupling of the polysaccharides to proteins to create glycoproteins
What is an ionic bond?
the complete transfer of and electron (makes ions) the strongest bond
what is a decomposition reaction?
taking a complex and making it simple (ex: H2O—> H2 +O)(catabolism)
What are actin and myosin used in?
the process of cell division and in microfilaments
How are the orbitals in a covalent bond? How many covalent bonds? what are the types of covalent bonds?
the orbitals overlap 2 types, a medium bond polar: when they unequally share electron; one has a higher electro negativity than the other non polar: when they equally share electron