Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Evolutionisim

A

19th century school of cultureal anthropology, represented by Tylor and Morgan, that attempted to explain variations in world cultures by the single deductive theory that they all pass through a series of evolutionary stages.

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2
Q

Teleology

A

A process having a definite and ultimate purpose or goal

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3
Q

Who is Edward Tylor?

A
  • Suggested all cultures evolved from simple to more complex forms
  • Three stages: Savagery, barbarism, civilization
  • recognized importance of difussion
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4
Q

Lewis Henry Morgan

A
  • Developed system of classifying cultures based on evolutionary scheme
  • Basically revised Tylors scheme, but with greater specificity
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5
Q

What were some of the problems with Evolutionist model?

A
  • Ethnocentric
  • Limited ethnographic data
  • too simplistic
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6
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Spread of cultural traits from one society to another

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7
Q

What is diffusionism?

A

School of thought that major cultural features invented in one or several parts of the world and spread to other cultures

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8
Q

What is the difference between diffusion and Diffusionism?

A

Diffusion is a Process which is real

and

Diffusionism was a school of thought.

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9
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

logical process of deducing the cirmcumstances of particular cases from the conditions specified by general theories

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10
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

The logical process of inducing the general conditions of a shole set of cases from the particular circumstances of one or a few

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11
Q

American historicim

A

a school of anthrpological thought that insisted upon collection of ethnographic data, through direct fieldwork, prior to making cross cultural generalization

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12
Q

What did Franz Boas contribute to Anthropology ?

A
  • Brought into anthropolgy methodological rigor
  • contributed to field of linguistical anthrpology
  • provided academic backing for statements against racism and gentic detterminism
  • trained many of the most important American anthropologist
  • actively recruited women into anthropology
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13
Q

Funcionalism

A

Idea that the cultures provide various means for satisfying both societaland individual needs

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14
Q

Basic of Malinowskis functionalism ?

A
  • all cultural items ultimately serve some function
  • all aspects of culture are interrelated
  • all humans need to fulfill three kinds of needs
  1. Basic needs
  2. instrumental needs
  3. Integrative needs
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15
Q

Structural functionalism

A
  • Various aspects of a society should be studied in terms of their function
  • Functions were to contribute to maintenance of society vs. individual
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16
Q

Social Structure

A
  • The underlying principles of organization among persons and groups in society or the set of actual roles and relationships that could be used
  • the network of social relations found among a group of people
17
Q

Psychological Anthropology

A

The area of cultural anthropology that is interested in the relationship between culture and the individual

18
Q

Neoevolution

A

20th century school of cultural anthropology that attempted to refine earlier evolutionary theories of Tylor and Morgon

19
Q

Basic Law of evolution

A
  • Basically, cultures evolve as the amount of energy harnessed increases or as the efficiency of the means of putting energy to work is increased
  • Cultural evolution is casused by advancing leveles of technology and a cultures increasing capacity to caputre energy
20
Q

Three types of cultural evolutionary thought

A
  • Unilineal evolution
  • universal evolution
  • Multilinear evolution
21
Q

French Structuralism

A

A theoretical orientation that holds that cultures are the product of the unconscious processes of the human mind

22
Q

Ethnoscience

A

A theoretical school of thought in anthroplogy popular in the 1950s and 60s that tries to understand a culture from the point of view of the people being studied

23
Q

Feminist Anthroplogy

A

A theoretical approach that seeks to describe and explain cultural life from the perspective of women

24
Q

Cultural Materialism

A

A contemporary orientation in anthroplogy that holds that cultural systems are most infulenced by such material things as natural resources and technolgy

25
Q

Postmodernism

A

A school of anthroplogy that advocates the switch from cultural generalizations and laws to description, interpretation, and a search for meaning

26
Q

INTERPRETIVE ANTHROPLOGY

A

A contemporary theoretical orientation that holds that the critical aspects of cultural systems are such subjective factors as values, ideas, and worldviews

27
Q
A