Week 12- Asthma Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Week 12- Asthma Deck (41)
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1
Q

What is the most common chronic illness in children?

A

asthma 155 deaths per year

2
Q

What is the cause of asthma?

A

unknown

3
Q

What is the asthma triad?

A

3 Common components in asthma that 12-15% of ppl with asthma have

  • nasal polyps
  • asthma
  • sensitivity to aspirin&NSAIDs
4
Q

What do 30% of asthmatics have?

A

chronic sinus problems

5
Q

What are predisposing factors to asthma?

A
  • genetics
  • atony (greater tendency to have allergic reaction to environmental allergens)\
  • Exposure to tobacco smoke
6
Q

Define atony.

A

Allergic

7
Q

What factors cause airway obstruction in asthma?

A

mucus
swollen mucosa
muscle spasm

8
Q

What are common triggers of asthma?

A

Irritants: tobacco smoke, exercise, weather changes, outdoor pollutants, exposure to indoor chemicals
Allergens: dustmites, pet dander, pollen, moulds, cockroaches, food additives

9
Q

What are common triggers of asthma?

A

Irritants: tobacco smoke, exercise, weather changes, outdoor pollutants, exposure to indoor chemicals
Allergens: dustmites, pet dander, pollen, moulds, cockroaches, food additives
Other factors: URT infection (90% of attacks in children triggered by a cold or flu), rhinitis/sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux, sensitivity to aspirin and other NSAIDs, topical and systemic beta-blockers

10
Q

What triggers asthma attacks in 90% of children?

A

URT infection

11
Q

What are the characteristics of asthma?

A

sudden onset or persistent symptoms of:

  • dyspnea
  • chest tightness
  • wheezing
  • Sputum production
  • Cough
12
Q

What are the classifications of asthma

A

Mild- O2 sats >90%
Cough @ night, SOBOE

Moderate- O2 sats >90%
SOB @rest, talking, normal mental status

Severe- O2 sats >90%
Laboured resp, tachycardia
Can’t talk, altered mental status

13
Q

What is mild asthma?

A

O2 sats >90%

Cough at night, SOBOE

14
Q

What is moderate asthma?

A

O2 sats >90%

SOB at rest, talking, normal mental status

15
Q

What is severe asthma?

A

O2 sats >90%
Labouted resp, tachycardia,
Can’t talk, altered mental status

16
Q

What is the asthma severity scale?

A

4 classifications of severity of asthma

1: mild, intermittent
2: mild persistent
3: moderate persistant
4: severe, persistent

17
Q

What are the components of asthma management?

A
education
environmental control measures
- appropriate meds
- action plan, regular follow-up care
adherence to treatment plan
18
Q

What are the components of asthma management?

A
  • education
  • environmental control measures
  • appropriate meds
  • action plan
  • regular follow-up care
  • adherence to treatment plan
19
Q

how do you gain optimal asthma control?

A
  • education
  • environmental control measures
  • appropriate meds
  • action plan
  • regular follow-up care
  • adherence to treatment plan
20
Q

What is the most common cause or trigger for the increasing rates of asthma in children?

A

dust mites

21
Q

What are environmental conrols for dust mite triggered?

A

Get rid of the carpets; non laminent has to be hard wood

Laundry more than once a week in hot water

22
Q

How do we promote asthma control?

A

Collaborative goals

  • relief & prophylaxis of attacks
  • prevention of exacerbation
  • provide quick relief of symptoms
23
Q

How do we promote asthma control?

A

Collaborative goals

  • relief & prophylaxis of attacks
  • prevention of exacerbation
  • provide quick relief of symptoms
  • symtom control (cough, wheeze, chest tightness and breathlessness
  • use of least amount of medication with the least side effects
24
Q

How do we assess for asthma control?

A

5 Q asthma test to assess for asthma control; if you answer yes to any one of these questions asthma is not under good control

25
Q

What are the 5 Qs to assess for asthma control?

A
  1. Do you use your blue inhaler 4x/wk?
  2. Do you cough, wheeze or have a tight chest 4x/wk?
  3. Do you cough, wheeze or have chest tightness wake you at night?
  4. Did you stop exercising because of asthma in the last 3 months?
  5. Do you miss school, work, social activities in the past 3 months?
26
Q

What are 3 types of reliever medications

A

B2 agonists (salbumtamol-ventolin)- quick relief
Anticholinergics (ipatropium bromide- atrovent)- not first line, can be in conjunction with ventolin
Theophyllin, aminophyline (older, not routinely given)

27
Q

Name a B2 agonist (reliever)?

A

salbumtamol (Ventolin)

28
Q

Name an anticholinergic (reliever)

A

ipatropium bromide (atrovent)

29
Q

Name 4 types of controller medications.

A
  • corticosteroids (bdesonide, beclomethason, futicasone) Inhaled !st line
  • Leukiotriene antagonist (singulair, acccolate)
  • Prednisone 2nd line (status asthmatics only)
  • Long acting beta2 agonist- 2nd line (salmeterol)
30
Q

What is classified as the green zone?

A

Peak flow 80-100%
- no cough, wheeze, chest tightness, or shortness of breathing during the day or night
TAKE LABA EACH DAY

31
Q

What is classified as the yellow zone?

A
Peak flow 50-80%
Cough, wheeze, chest tightness or SOB
- Waking due to asthma
- can do some but not all usual activities
TAKE LABA AND ADD SABA
32
Q

What is classified as the red zone?

A

Peak flow less that 50%
- very SOB
- SABA not helping
- cannot do usual activities
- symptoms are same or worsen after 24 hours in the yellow zone
TAKE SABA & LABA AND GO TO EMERGENCY ROOM

33
Q

What should be done in follow up?

A

PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate) L/min
Measure amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in 1 second
ESTABLISH PERSONAL BEST

34
Q

What should be done in follow up?

A

PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate) L/min
Measure amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in 1 second
ESTABLISH PERSONAL BEST
(PEFR symptom diary)

35
Q

What is status asthmatics?

A

Ongoing severe respiratory distress despite vigorous treatment

36
Q

How do you manage status asthmatics?

A

Assess: accessory muscle use, dyspnea, neuro, O2 sats
Management by correction of dehydration, acid-base balance, electrolyte imbalance via IV, reduce hypoxia (O2 therapy, and sat monitoring, arterial blood gases, inhalation therapy, possible IV corticosteroids and high fowlers)

37
Q

What is needed when developing a teaching plan?

A
Assessment
Identify learning needs
Plan
Implement plan 
Evaluate
38
Q

What is needed when developing a teaching plan?

A

Assessment (needs, development, readiness to lean, self-efficacy)

Identify learning needs (cognitive affective psychomotor)

Plan (objective, prioritize, collaborate, developmentally appropriate)

Implement plan

Evaluate

39
Q

What are school based asthma programs?

A

developed to teach both children with or without the disease how to control it

40
Q

Why school-based asthma programs?

A
  • Asthma interfere with learning and limits physical activity at school
  • Convenient location to access student for health teaching
  • Provides knowledge about asthma to the school staff and students
  • Raises awareness about asthma and increases the chances of getting help quicker
  • Reduces bullying of children with asthma
41
Q

What are 2 ontario based programs for asthma education?

A

Public Health School Asthma Project (Government of Ontario’s Ministry of Health and Long Term Care)

Roaring Adventures of Puff (The Ontario lung Association)