Week 1-What is Anthropology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Week 1-What is Anthropology Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is Anthropology?

A

The integrated study of human life; of everything that is know about human beings and the things they do. (What it means to be human)

2
Q

What are the major subfields of Anthropology?

A

Biological, Cultural, Linguistic, Archaeology

3
Q

Biological Anthropology

A

The physical study of humans. Studying primates, human diseases, human ancestors, human health, and human osteology.

4
Q

Cultural Anthropology

A

The study of present human cultures.

The anthropologist goes out into the world and observes how their selected group interact.

5
Q

Linguistic Anthropology

A

The study of past and present human language.

Sometimes have to reconstruct lost languages.

6
Q

Archaeology

A

The study of past humans through their material remains.

Collect data through slow and careful excavation.

7
Q

Fieldwork

A

The way in which anthropologists collect data.

Varies from each branch of Archaeology.

8
Q

Artifacts

A

Physical objects modified by humans.

9
Q

Features

A

Non portable objects created/modified by past humans.

Roads, structures, etc.

10
Q

Evolution

A

Change over time.

11
Q

Cultural evolution

A

the development of one or more cultures from simpler to more complex forms.

Learned behaviors, beliefs, and ideas.

12
Q

Biological evolution

A

How our bodies evolved.

13
Q

Culture

A

The patterns of learned behaviors, ideas, and beliefs that humans acquire as members of society.
Combined with the material artifacts and structures that we create and use.

14
Q

What are the five characteristics of culture?

A

Shared, learned, adaptive, patterned, symbolic.

15
Q

Shared Culture

A

We share things like, ideas, values, and behavioral standards with members of our group.

16
Q

Learned Culture

A

We observe others to learn or are taught culture. (A lot is subconscious)

17
Q

Adaptive culture

A

A culture can change or adapt through the actions of its members and outside influences.

18
Q

Patterned Culture

A

Beliefs show up repeatedly through the actions of its members and outside influences.

19
Q

Symbolic Culture

A

We use symbols in culture. Can be vocal (language), gestures (hand motions), drawn (art), or made (traffic signs).

20
Q

Bio-cultural Organisms

A

Both cultural and biological factors influence how we as an organism are defined and how we act.

21
Q

Material Culture

A

How physical things define a culture.

We can learn a lot about studying what objects were important in a specific culture. (Religious artifacts, pottery, homes, schools, plants, tools, etc.)

22
Q

Cross-disciplinary

A

Different branches of Anthropology may need to communicate with each-other.

23
Q

Human Agency

A

Idea what we as humans can make our own decisions. We don’t have to follow all guidelines set out by our culture.

24
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The opinion that one’s way of life is natural or correct and the only true way of being fully human.

25
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Understanding another culture in its own terms sympathetically enough so that their culture appears just as valid as our own.

26
Q

Who introduced the concept of cultural relativism?

A

Frank Boas

27
Q

Nacirema

A

An article written about Americans (America backwards) in unfamiliar terms to make them/us sound savage.