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A-EMT > Week #1 > Flashcards

Week #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Patent

A

Open

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2
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical process that provides the cells with energy from nutrients

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3
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of an organism and its parts.

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4
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the process and the functions of a living organism

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5
Q

Glottis

A

The true vocal cords and the opening between them.

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6
Q

Endotracheal intubation ( ET )

A

Inserting an endotracheal tube through the glottis opening and sealing the tube with a inflated cuff against the tracheal wall

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7
Q

Laryngoscope

A

A device that is used in conjunction with a laryngoscope blade to perform direct laryngoscope

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8
Q

Pharynx

A

The area between the nasal cavity and the larynx an posterior to the oral cavity ;

( THE THROAT )

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9
Q

Soft palate

A

The posterior portion of the palate that is made up of mucous membrane , muscular fibers , and mucous glands ; it is so named cause it has no bony support

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10
Q

Nasopharynx

A

The part of the pharynx that lies above the level of the palate

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11
Q

Oropharynx

A

A tubular structure that extended vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea

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12
Q

Larynx

A

A complete structure formed by the epiglottis , thyroid cartilage , cricoid cartilage , arytenoid cartilage , cornculate cartilage , and cuneiform cartilage ;

( THE VOICE BOX )

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13
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

A firm prominence of cartilage that form the upper part of the larynx ;

( ADAMS APPLE )

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14
Q

V

A

The distance an object travels per unit time

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15
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and Carson dioxide in the alveoli and tissues of the body

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16
Q

Aveoli

A

The air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. In which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place ; also known as small pits or cavities , such as the bony sockets for the teeth that reside in the mandible and maxilla

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17
Q

Hemoglobin

A

An iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs.

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18
Q

Fraction of inspired oxygen ( FIO2 )

A

The percentage of oxygen in inhaled air

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19
Q

Central nervous system ( CNS )

A

The brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

Perfusion

A

The delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the cells , organs , and tissues of the body ; also involves the removal of waste.

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21
Q

Hypoxia

A

A dangerous condition in which the supply of oxygen to the tissue is reduced

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22
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

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23
Q

Respiratory distress

A

A clinical state characterized by increased respiratory rate , effort , and work of breathing

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24
Q

PaCO2

A

Partial pressure of Cardin dioxide

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25
Q

H+

A

Hydrogen ions

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26
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the arterial blood

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27
Q

Homeostasis

A

A tendency to constancy or stability in the body’s internal environment ; process that balance the supply and demand of the body’s needs

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28
Q

Aspiration

A

The entry of fluids or solids into the trachea , bronchi , and lungs the act of drawing material in or out by suction ; can accur when a pt is unable to protect his or her own airway

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29
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decrease in Arterial oxygen levels

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30
Q

Anoxia

A

An absence of oxygen

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31
Q

Asymmetric chest wall movement

A

Unequal movement of the two sides of the chest ; indicates decreased airflow into one lung

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32
Q

Cheyne - stokes respiration

A

Gradually increased rate and depth of respiration followed by a gradual decrease of respiration’s with intermittent periods of apnea ; associated with brain stem insult

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33
Q

Kussmaul respiration’s

A

Deep , rapid respiration’s ; seen in pts with diabetic keto acidosis

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34
Q

Biot ( ataxic ) respiration

A

Irregular pattern , rate , and depth of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea ; results from increased ICP

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35
Q

Apneustic respiration

A

Prolonged gasping inhalation followed by extremely short ineffective exhalation ; associated with brain stem insult

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36
Q

Agonal gasps

A

Slow shallow or irregular with occasion gasping breaths ; results from cerebral anoxia , agonal gasps May be seen when heart has stopped but the brain continues to send signals to the muscles of respiration.

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37
Q

HCO3

A

Concentration of the bicarbonate ions

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38
Q

PaO2

A

Partial pressure of oxygen

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39
Q

SaO2

A

Oxygen saturation

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40
Q

Bradypnea

A

A slow respiratory rate

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41
Q

Tonsil - tip catheter

A

A hard or rigid suction catheter ; known as a ( YANKAUER ) catheter

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42
Q

Whistle - tip catheter

A

Soft plastic non rigid catheter also called ( FRENCH. ) catheter

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43
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid ( CSF )

A

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid and bathes the meninges

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44
Q

Alveoli

A

The sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

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45
Q

Carina

A

A ridge like projection of tracheal cartilage located where the trachea bifurates into the right and left mainstem brochi

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46
Q

Emphysema

A

The infiltration of any tissue by air or gas

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47
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Excessive sweating ; it’s often associated with shock

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48
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness

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49
Q

Pulsus paradoxes

A

A drop in systolic bp of 10 mm hg ; more during inspiration

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50
Q

Diabetic keto acidosis

A

A form of acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

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51
Q

Purulent

A

Full of puss ; having character of puss

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52
Q

Catecholomines

A

Anmine substances such as depeamine , epinephrine, and nonepinephrine that function as neurotransmitters , hormones , or both

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53
Q

Tugor

A

Loss of skin elasticity

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54
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of the physiology of altered functioning in the presence of disease

55
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Inflammation of the trachea , bronchi , and larynx

56
Q

Prevalence

A

The number of the cases of a disease in a specific population within a given period

57
Q

Status asthmaticus

A

A severe prolonged asthma attack that cannot be stopped with the conventional treatment such as ; administration of epi

58
Q

Revised trauma score ( RTS )

A

A scoring system used for pt with head trauma

59
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of the diameter of a blood vessel

60
Q

IV

A

Within a vein

61
Q

MOI

A

The series of events that result in traumatic injuries ; the forces that act on the body to cause injury

62
Q

Normal salline

A

A solution of 0.9% sodium chloride ; an isotoric crystalloid

63
Q

ATLS

A

Advanced trauma life support

64
Q

Triage

A

To sort out pt based on the severity of there conditions and prioritize them for card according

65
Q

ABCDE

A 
A - airway 
B - breathing 
C - circulation 
D - disability 
E - exposure
66
Q

Infraction

A

Death ( necrosis ) of a localized area of tissue caused by ischemia

67
Q

ST segment

A

The interval between the end of the QRS complex ( j point ) and the beginning of the T wave

68
Q

Unstable angina

A

Angina pectoris characterized by a variable unpredictable pattern of pain. Which may signal a impending acute myocardial infarction

69
Q

Acute coronary syndroms

A

A series of cardiac conditions caused by a abrupt reduction in coronary artery blood flow

70
Q

Brain cells can survive for only 6 minutes without oxygen before permanent damage occurs

A

Note

71
Q

Polio is a viral neuromuscular disorder that can affect the nerves including those that regulate ventilation

A

Note

72
Q

When bronchioles contract air is forced threw smaller lumens ; resulting in decreased ventilation

A

Note

73
Q

Without sufficient glucose , the cells will metabolize fatty acids resulting in keto acidosis

A

Note

74
Q

A adult is alert responsive and able to speak in complete sentences with a normal voice has no immediate airway problem

A

Note

75
Q

Signs of airway compromise in an unresponsive pt include

A

Snoring - caused by partial airway obstruction from the tongue

Vomitus - stomach contents

Draining from the mouth / gurgling sounds - indicates secretions in the airway

76
Q

Secretions pooling in a pt mouth is a clear indicator of a markedly deppresed or Adsense gag reflex

A

Note

77
Q

Absent gag reflex ; significantly increases chance of aspiration

A

Note

78
Q

Normal respiratory ranges

A

Adult - 12 / 20

Child - 12 / 37

Infant ( 1 month to 1 year ) - 30 / 57

79
Q

Protective reflexes of the airway are

A

Coughing , sneezing , gaging

80
Q

Measure catheter size from corner of mouth to earlobe

A

Note

81
Q

In chilidren , using a tongue blade to hold down the tongue to insert a oral adjunct is preferred method because the child’s hard palate is more fragile then an adults. Rotation of the oral airway can feature or or even lacerate the hard palate

A

Note

82
Q

Be wary if a pt is in respiratory distress wants to lay down this could be a sign of sudden deterioration in pt condition

A

Note

83
Q

Respiratory rate X tidal volume = minute volume

A

Note

84
Q

Silence in lung sounds means danger

A

Note

85
Q

Croup is a condition mostly found in a child 6 months - 6 years old

A

Note

86
Q

A fever or cough may present several hours after a aspiration prone event such as a seizure , or a episode of unresponsiveness

A

Note

87
Q

Patients with obstructive airway disease present “ pursed lip breathing “ increased I/E ratio , abdominal use , jugular venous distention

A

Note

88
Q

Asthma describes a triad of airway altercations , broncospasm , increased mucous production , and peripheral airway edema

A

Note

89
Q

Patients with COPD are high risk for cardiac arrest

A

Note

90
Q

The trauma score is used to determine the likelihood of pt survival , which is calculated on a scale of 1 to 16 , 16 being the best

A

Note

91
Q

If the blood cannot clot ; the body cannot stop bleeding

A

Note

92
Q

Make sure IV fluids are warmed to atleast body temperature

A

Note

93
Q

Always follow your local protocols when determining what type of pt transportation is necessary

A

Note

94
Q

ABCDE is CABDE in cardiac arrest situations

A

Note

95
Q

Common chief complaints in a pt experiencing a ACS is chest discomfort , dyspnea , fainting , palpitations , and fatigue

A

Note

96
Q

Compensated shock

A

Occurs early when the body is still able to compensate for a shortfall of one or more of the three areas of perfusion ( HR , SV , and or PVR )

Signs and symptoms: tachycardia , tachypnea , cool pale , diaphoretic skin

97
Q

Uncompensated shock

A

Occurs when the compensatory mechanisms fail and the patients condition deteriorates

Signs and symptoms : drop in blood pressure

98
Q

AVPU

A
  • A - alert
  • V - verbal
  • P - pain
  • U - unresponsive
99
Q

SAMPLE

A
  • S - signs and symptoms
  • A - allergies
  • M - medications
  • P - past medical history
  • L - last oral intake
  • E - events leading up to
100
Q

D CAP BTLS TIC

A
  • D - deformities
  • C - contusions
  • A - abrasions
  • P - punctures
  • B - bruising
  • T - tenderness
  • L - lacerations
  • S - swelling
  • T - tenderness
  • I - irritability
  • C - crepius
101
Q

What’s your scene survey

A
  • More info from dispatch
  • Weather
  • Mechanism of injury / nature of illness
  • Additional resources
  • # of patients
  • What’s do I see
  • PPE before exiting unit
  • establish command / triage
102
Q

Proper vitals

A
  • BP
  • pulse
  • respiration’s
  • SPo2 sat
  • glucose
  • ekg / 12 lead
  • pupils
  • temp
103
Q

What’s your primary survey

A

AVPU / GCS / pupils

A. C
B. A
C. B

Immediate life threats

Transport priority / destination

104
Q

What is your secondary patient assessment

A

SAMPLE

OPQRST

D CAP BTLS TIC

“ VITALS “

105
Q

CO

A

Cardiac output

106
Q

Factors that reduce cardiovascular disease

A
  • aerobic exercise
  • awareness
  • behavior modification
  • blood pressure control
  • cholesterol management
  • lipid management
  • smoking cessation
  • weight management
107
Q

Time is muscle

A

Note

108
Q

A person with ACS typically feels pain just beneath the sternum , variously describes as heavy , squeezing , crushing or tight pain may radiate to “ typically left arm “

A

Note

109
Q

Impending doom is common in patients experiencing a MI

A

Note

110
Q

Poor perfusion = confusion

A

Note

111
Q

MONA

A
  • oxygen
  • aspirin
  • nitro
  • Morphine
112
Q

NTG can not be used in patients with a systolic BP less then 90 mm hg

A

Note

113
Q

Nitro , morphine , diuretics decrease pre loads

A

Note

114
Q

Do not administer nitracts if patient has used

A

Sildenfil ( viagra ) in 24 hours

Or tadalafil ( cialis ) vardenfil ( levitral in 48 hours

115
Q

You can administer up to 3 - 0.4 mg doses of NTG every 3-5 minutes if patient remains stable

A

Note

116
Q

Opioids makes pupils small on overdoes

A

Note

117
Q

NO nitro on trauma patients

A

Note

118
Q

To slow of respiration rate we bag

To fast of respiration rate we bag

A

Note

119
Q

Normal tensive

A

Just right

120
Q

Always take a suction over other equipment

A

Note

121
Q

Use 1 - 5 In pain scales not 1 - 10

A

Note

122
Q

Bronchi - has no protective mucous or shielded by any smooth muscles or rigid structure

A

Note

123
Q

Mediastinum space in middle of chest consists of

A

Heart
Large blood vessels
The large conducting airway
Other organs

124
Q

Blood flows from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries

A

Note

125
Q

Right sided heart failure can present slow

Left sided heart failure presents immediately

A

Note

126
Q

Minute volume

A

Air moved over a minute

127
Q

The larynogophayrnx is the lowest part of the upperairway

A

Note

128
Q

Hypoxia signs

A

Early signs : restlessness , irritability , tachycardia , anxiety

Late signs : mental status changes , weak pulse , cyanosis

129
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Glucose and oxygen levels decrease

130
Q

Infection does

A

Increase metobalic needs

Disrupts homeostasis

131
Q

Heart has four chambers

A

Note

132
Q

The septa separates the heart into two function pumps

A

Note

133
Q

SA node is supplied by the right coronary artistries

A

Note

A-EMT (1 decks)

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