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Clin path exam 3 > Water & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Flashcards in Water & Electrolytes Deck (19)
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1
Q

Major extracellular electrolyte

A

Na+

2
Q

Major intracellular electrolyte

A

K+

3
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure

A

Major force that holds fluid intravascularly
Regulated by liver synthesis of albumin
Decreased by effusions, edema, hypovolemia, hypoalbuminemia, vascular leaks

4
Q

Purple top tube (EDTA) effects on electrolytes in blood sample

A

Increased K+
Decreased Ca2+/Mg2+
Decreased HCO3-
(Looks like acidosis.. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic ACID

5
Q

Blue top tube (Sodium-Cirtrate) effects of electrolytes in blood sample

A

Increased Na+
Decreased Ca2+/Mg2+
Decreased HCO3-
Decreased Cl-

(Looks like acidosis)

6
Q

Major determinant of osmolality

A

Sodium

7
Q

Causes of hyponatremia

A
GI loss (vomiting, diarrhea)
Renal loss (diuretics, hypoadrenocorticism)
Sequestration (chylothorax, uroabdomen) 
Cutaneous (sweating)
Inadequate intake (herbivores)
8
Q

Potassium shifts _____ due to acidosis

A

extracellularly

exchanges for H+

9
Q

What stimulates cellular uptake of glucose WITH potassium?

A

Insulin

10
Q

What can be used to treat hyperkalemia by shifting K+ into cells?

A

Insulin with dextrose

Ex. urethral obstruction in male cat

11
Q

What happens when K+ accumulates in blood as a result of diabetes mellitus (insulin deficiency)?

A

Hyperkalemia

12
Q

How can a diabetic be normokalemic?

A

K+ removed from blood by kidneys

13
Q

How can a diabetic be hypokalemic?

A

Diabetics can develop ketoacidosis (excess H+)

Causes K+ to shift out of cells and be lost by kidneys

14
Q

Causes of hypokalemia

A
GI loss
Increased renal excretion
Decreased intake
Iatrogenic
Metabolic alkalosis
15
Q

Major extracellular anion

A

Cl-

16
Q

Causes of hyperchloremia

A

Na related increases
Compensation for decreased bicarb
Iatrogenic
Spurious

17
Q

Causes of hypochloremia

A

Na related decreases
Loss of chloride rich secretions
Iatrogenic
spurious

18
Q

What does a loss of chloride WITHOUT loss of Na indicate?

A

vomiting

19
Q

How can you tell on a blood gas whether a metabolic acidosis is due to a loss of bicarb OR a titration of bicarb?

A

With a loss of bicarb, Cl- will be increased