Vulnerable populations lecture; rabies lecture; Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Vulnerable populations lecture; rabies lecture; Deck (39)
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1
Q

who is considered vulnerable

A

immunocompromised, elderly, homeless, victims of domestic violence, persons with disabilities, mental illness, chronic disease, substance abuse, natural disasters, children, isolated communities, therapy/visitation animals

2
Q

who is immunocompromised

A

HIV/AIDS, cytotoxic or chemotherapeutic treatments, organ transplant or splenectomy (immunosuppresive), immunosuppressive therapy, co-morbidities (diabetes), elderly, malnutrition, pregnant women and children

3
Q

zooeyia

A

pets provide relationships and increasing health benefits to offset the zoonotic risks

4
Q

zoonotic risk for pregnant women or HIV

A

toxoplasmosis

5
Q

zoonotic risks for organtransplant patients

A

rabies, LCMV

6
Q

what organism is a zoonotic risk for children with pet turtles

A

salmonella

7
Q

zoonotic injury

A

bites, scratches

8
Q

what can be some consequences of zoonotic injury

A

rat bite fever, cat scratch fever, capnocytophaga canimorsus

9
Q

what are some risky pets

A

reptiles, amphibians, poultry and rodents

10
Q

what are some risky pets

A

reptiles, amphibians, poultry and rodents

11
Q

2 most important pathogens for immune-compromised individuals

A

toxoplasma gondii and salmonella

12
Q

what mode of transmission are homeless individuals particularly exposed to

A

vector-borne diseases (rickettsia typhi, bartonella quintana)

13
Q

how can mental illness predispose to zoonoses

A

pica (soil eating) – visceral or ocular larval migrans (toxocara)

14
Q

what pathogen is commonly involved in flooding disasters

A

leptospirosis

15
Q

what pathogen is commonly involved in flooding disasters

A

leptospirosis

16
Q

how do you prioritize disease

A

qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative

17
Q

what is the only non-zoonotic ebola

A

ebola restin

18
Q

what is an interesting pathogen that peri-parturient cats can carry and what does it cause

A

coxiella burnetti; causes Q fever

19
Q

mechanical vector

A

no biological development of pathogen in vector

20
Q

what disease are ferrets good models for

A

influenza A

21
Q

what disease are ferrets good models for

A

influenza A

22
Q

if you find a live bat on the ground it most likely indicates

A

rabies infection

23
Q

why is it hard to find the original bite wound in a horse infected with rabies

A

bitten on distal limb usually –> rabies travels in peripheral nerves and SLOWLY ascends to CNS –> by the time it reaches CNS the bite wound is gone

24
Q

most common clinical signs of rabies in horse

A

lameness and colic

25
Q

clinical signs of cattle with rabies

A

bellow as they develop pharyngeal paralysis (the bellow fluctuates in pitch); may drool

26
Q

what is present in cerebellum with rabies

A

negri bodies

27
Q

what is present in cerebellum with rabies

A

negri bodies

28
Q

transmission of rabies

A

replicates in salivary glands and is transmitted by saliva

29
Q

incubation periods of rabies

A

3-8 weeks with outliers

30
Q

what is a weird, but rare, form of transmission for rabies

A

corneal transplants

31
Q

methods of primary prevention of rabies

A

vaccinate dogs and wild animals, report confine and observe animals that have bitten people or other animals, reduce human exposure to potential transmission, human vaccine for those at risk

32
Q

rabies post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

A

flush wound and apply virucidal (don’t suture immediately); rabies immunoglobulin infiltrated at wound (passive immunity); rabies vaccine at another site (active immunization – days 0, 3, 7, 14, 28)

33
Q

considerations to start PEP with rabies

A

nature of contact; availability of animal for observation and testing

34
Q

public health follow-up with rabies

A

initiate search for animal; if human rabies is suspected or confirmed undergo prevention procedures

35
Q

what is done if human rabies is suspected/confirmed

A

health care workers take precautions to avoid saliva, disinfection of soiled articles or surfaces, PEP for contacts with wounds/membranes exposed to patient saliva

36
Q

who tests wildlife for rabies

A

PDS with IHC (5-6 days)

37
Q

who tests wildlife for rabies

A

PDS with IHC (5-6 days)

38
Q

where are dogs/cats tested for rabies

A

lethbridge

39
Q

disease control strategy includes (KNOW)

A

suspicion, surveillence, quarantine and declaration of infected place, confirmation, traceout and containment, evaluation, depopulation (pre-emptive slaughter +/- vaccine), compensation, cleaning and disinfection (C&D), sentinel restocking (rare), enhanced surveillence