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PHTH 521 > Vestibular system > Flashcards

Vestibular system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of the vestibular system?

A
  1. postural stability
  2. gaze stability
  3. resolution of sensory conflict - visual / somatosensory conflict
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2
Q

Vestibular system detects forces created by _______ as we move.

A

gravity

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3
Q

Information that the vestibular system determines is used to generate _______ and ______ responses.

A

postural; visual

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4
Q

Vestibular disorders cause what 3 things?

A
  1. abnormal sense of movement
  2. visual instability
  3. loss of balance
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5
Q

Vestibular information must be integrated with _______ and ________ for postural control.

A

vision; somatosensation

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6
Q

Frequency of dizziness increases with ____.

A

age

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7
Q

Hair cell loss contributes to dizziness as we age (T/F).

A

T

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8
Q

___% of people 45+ complain of dizziness (women>men).

A

10

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9
Q

Neuronal loss in vestibular nuclei ___%/year from age 40.

A

3

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10
Q

What are 5 lesions associated with vestibular dysfunction?

A
  1. Vestibular end organ
  2. Vestibular nerve terminals
  3. Cerebellopontine
  4. Brainstem/cerebellum
  5. Vestibular projectins to cerebral cortex
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11
Q

Endolymph movement deflects ______ and activates _______.

A

cupula; ampulla

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12
Q

Together the ________ ______ make up a 3d representation of head motion.

A

semicircular canals

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13
Q

_______ detect acceleration/deceleration and gravitational pull.

A

otoliths

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14
Q

________ detects horizontal motion

A

utricle

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15
Q

______ detects sagittal plane motion

A

saccule

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of dizziness?

A
  1. vertigo
  2. imbalance
  3. disequilibrium
  4. lightheadedness
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17
Q

_________ = defined as a hallucination of motion of the body or the environment and may be rotary or linear

A

vertigo

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18
Q

_______ = impaired ability to maintain orientation of body in space

A

imbalance

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19
Q

_______ = feeling of drunkenness or dis-orientation

A

disequilibrium

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20
Q

_________ = cardiovascular or metabolic

A

lightheadedness

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21
Q

_______ is a cardinal symptom of vestibular system disease

A

vertigo

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22
Q

________ signifies chronic vestibular or neurologic disease

A

imbalance

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23
Q

________ can be vestibular, metabolic, and multisensory.

A

lightheadedness

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24
Q

Disruption of vestibular nerve firing on one side causing loss of ________ firing.

A

tonic

25
Q

In __________ _______ the brain interprets the mismatch between the two sides of the brain as movement.

A

vestibular dysfunction

26
Q

How long does compensation take for vestibular dysfunction?

A

~ 2 weeks

27
Q

If the vestibular dysfunction is due to a stable lesion, the brain will compensate with ______.

A

vision

28
Q

Vestibular system drives _____ movement.

A

eye

29
Q

What are the 3 pathways that stabilize the body using info from vestibular system?

A
  1. Lateral vestibulospinal
  2. Medial vestibulospinal
  3. Reticulospinal
30
Q

_______ vestibulospinal: info from cerebellum and otoliths

A

lateral

31
Q

_______ vestibulospinal: info from semicircular canals

A

medial

32
Q

_______ vestibulospinal: postural activity of lower extremities in response to head position changes with respect to gravity

A

lateral

33
Q

_______ vestibulospinal: postural responses with regard to angular position changes

A

medial

34
Q

__________ tract : info from vestibular nuclei, concerned with maintaining balance.

A

reticulospinal

35
Q

Together the 3 vestibulospinal tracts provide ________ postural control.

A

automatic

36
Q

What are 5 vestibular symptoms?

A
  1. change in heading
  2. dizziness
  3. vertigo
  4. light-headedness
  5. oscillopsia
37
Q

What are 5 vestibular syndromes/diseases?

A
  1. continuous vertigo
  2. benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
  3. vestibular neuronitis
  4. meniere’s syndrome
  5. acoustic neuroma
38
Q

________ syndrome = episodic vertigo

A

Meniere’s

39
Q

_________ vertigo = acute, unilateral loss of vestibular function

A

continuous

40
Q

What might cause continuous vertigo?

A
  1. temporal bone fracture
  2. labyrinthine concussion
  3. surgical labyrinthectomy
  4. infarction in the vestibular nucleus
41
Q

______ gait may present with continuous vertigo.

A

ataxic

42
Q

Most continuous vertigo episodes fully resolve in a few days via cessation of ______ discharge and _____ plasticity.

A

tonic; CNS

43
Q

_____ ______ _____ vertigo = episodic intense vertigo

A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

44
Q

BPPV = women: men; __:__

A

6:1

45
Q

What is the most common cause of vertigo?

A

BPPV

46
Q

BPPV = ____ attacks of vestibular vertigo lasting <1 min

A

five

47
Q

BPPv = causing by increased fluid pressure in _______, density or clumping of ______.

A

labyrinths; otoliths

48
Q

BPPV = onset after rapid ____ motion

A

head

49
Q

What is the treatment for BPPV?

A
  1. habituation

2. canalith repositioning

50
Q

Vestibular ________ = viral infection

A

neuronitis

51
Q

What are 3 symptoms of of vestibular neuronitis?

A
  1. vertigo
  2. nystagmus
  3. nausea and vomiting
52
Q

Vestibular neuronitis resolves within ___ weeks to ___ months.

A

6; 3

53
Q

Meniere’s syndrome: over accumulation of ________.

A

endolymph

54
Q

What are 4 symptoms of Meniere’s syndrome?

A
  1. episodic vertigo
  2. tinnitus
  3. fullness of ears
  4. hearing loss
55
Q

Is Meniere’s syndrome more common in men or women?

A

women

56
Q

What are 3 treatments for Meniere’s syndrome?

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Histamine
  3. Corticosteroids
57
Q

What is another name for an acoustic neuroma?

A

Vestibular schwannoma

58
Q

Acoustic neuroma = intracranial tumor of myelin forming cells of CN ____.

A

VIII

59
Q

What are 5 causes of central vestibular loss?

A
  1. Vascular events
  2. TBI
  3. Brain tumours
  4. MS
  5. Stroke

PHTH 521 (9 decks)

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