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Flashcards in Vertebral Column Deck (88)
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0
Q

What comprises the axial skeleton?

A

Skull Hyoid bone Vertebral column Sternum Ribs

1
Q

What are the general functions of the vertebral column?

A
  1. Protection 2. Base of attachment 3. Structural support 4. Flexibility and mobility 5. Other basic bone functions
2
Q

What are the normal vertebral curves?

A

Lordosic (cervical and lumbar) – anteriorly convex Kyphotic (thoracic and sacral) – anteriorly concave

3
Q

What are the two joints found through the vertebral column?

A

Intervertebral (between adjacent vertebrae) Zygopophyseal (between articular facets of adjacent vertebrae)

4
Q

Intervertebral Joints

A

Articulation: between bodies of adjacent vertebrae Classification: amphiarthrotic cartilaginous symphysis Movement: slight

5
Q

Zygopophyseal Joints

A

Articulation: between articular facets of adjacent vertebrae Classification: diarthrotic synovial planar Movement: small gliding

6
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Extends along anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies, from C2-sacrum Thicker in thoracic than cervical and lumbar

7
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Within vertebral canal. Extends along posterior surface of bodies of vertebrae Continuous from C2 to sacrum Thickest in t-spine

8
Q

Intertransverse ligament

A

In between transverse processes C-spine irregular and scattered T-spine rounded cords connected to deep muscles of back L-spine thin and membranous

9
Q

Supraspinous Ligaments

A

Strong fibrous cord running on top of interspinous ligaments C7-sacrum Thicker and broader in L-spine

10
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Connects lamina of adjacent vertebrae Axis-sacrum C-spine thin and strong T-spine thicker L-spine thickest Elasticity preserves and helps return to upright posture

11
Q

Interspinous ligaments

A

Connect adjacent spinous processes Extend for root to apex of each process Under Supraspinous ligaments

12
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Fried egg. Annulus fibrosis encircling nuclear pulposis

13
Q

Classification: intervertebral joints

A

Amphiarthrotic Cartilaginous symphysis

14
Q

Classification: zygapophyseal joint

A

Diarthrotic Synovial gliding

15
Q

Classification: Sacroiliac

A

ANTERIOR: Diarthrotic Synovial planar POSTERIOR Amphiarthtosis Fibrous syndesmosis

16
Q

Classification: sacrococcygeal

A

Amphiarthrosis Cartilaginous symphysis

17
Q

Classification: pubic symphysis

A

Amphiarthrosis Cartilaginous symphysis

18
Q

FISH?

A

Fibrocartilage: ilium Sacrum: hyaline (In the context of the SI joint)

19
Q

What ligaments are associated with the SI joint?

A

Anterior SI ligament Posterior SI ligament Interosseous SI ligament

20
Q

What is the lumbosacral articulation?

A

Not a true joint. Iliolumbar ligament connects iliac crest with TVPs of L4 and 5. Forms Planar diarthrosis

21
Q

Sacrum with ischium?

A

Not a true articulation. Sacrotuberous ligament (forms greater sciatic foramen) Sacrospinous ligament (forms lesser sciatic foramen)

22
Q

What ligaments are associated with the Sacrococcygeal joint?

A

Anterior SC ligament Posterior SC ligament Lateral SC ligament Interarticular ligament

23
Q

What ligaments are associated with the pubic symphysis?

A

Anterior pubic ligament Superior public ligament Posterior pubic ligament Inferior/subpubic/arcuate pubic ligament

24
Q

What ligaments are associated with the joints of the vertebral column?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligaments Posterior longitudinal ligaments Intertransverse ligaments Interspinous ligaments Supraspinous ligaments Ligamentum flavum

25
Q

Disc herniation

A

Usually L4-5, L5-S1 Nucleur pulposis protrudes from disc.

26
Q

Sciatica

A

Irritation of sciatic nerve

27
Q

Spondylosis

A

Degeneration of posterior elements, Presence of bony spurs, osteophytes etc.

28
Q

Spondylysis

A

Defect in pars interarticularis (between superior and inferior articular facet)

29
Q

Spondolysthesis

A

Anterior slippage of on lumbar vertebra on another due to defect in pars interarticularis.

30
Q

Degenerative Joint disease/disc disease/osteoarthritis

A

Degeneration of the spine and loss of vertical height of the intervertebral discs due to normal aging, wear and tear, genetics and/or traumatic arthritic changes.

31
Q

Costovertebral joints: classification and articular surfaces

A

Classification: diarthrosis; synovial planar Articular surfaces: head of rib with costal facets of T vertebrae. Typical: demi-facets, inferior vert same number. R1,10-12 articulate with only one vert.

32
Q

What ligaments are associated with Costovertebral joints?

A

Radiate and interarticular

33
Q

Radiate ligament

A

Connects head of the rib with vertebral bodies and IVD. (Kind of like a joint capsule)

34
Q

Interarticular ligaments

A

Connect the interarticular crest of the rib with the IVD. Creates two distinct synovial cavities = intraarticular

35
Q

Costotransverse joint: classification and articulating surfaces

A

Diarthrosis. Synovial planar Between costal tubercle and the TVP of the same number.

36
Q

What ligaments are associated with the costotransverse joint?

A

Lateral costotransverse Costotransverse Superior costotransverse

37
Q

Lateral costotransverse ligament

A

Attaches tip of TVP to tubercle of the corresponding rib

38
Q

Costotransverse ligament

A

Connects dorsal surface of neck of the rib with anterior TVP of corresponding vertebra.

39
Q

Superior costotransverse ligaments

A

Connect superior surface of the neck of the rib to the TVP of the vertebra above.

40
Q

Costochondral joints: classification and articulating surfaces

A

Amphiarthrotic. Cartilaginous symphysis Between the rib and costal cartilage (bars of hyaline cartilage). Held together by periosteum.

41
Q

Ligaments of the costochondral joints.

A

Trick question: there are none. (Held together by periosteum)

42
Q

Interchondral joints: classification and articulating surfaces

A

RIBS 6-9: Diarthrosis. Synovial planar RIBS 9-10: Amphiarthrosis. Fibrous Syndesmosis Articulates the contiguous borders of R6-8 and sometimes 9-10

43
Q

What ligaments are associated with interchondral joints?

A

Interchondral ligaments

44
Q

Interchondral ligaments

A

From one costal cartilage to another. Between r6-9, maybe 9-10

45
Q

Sternalcostal joints: classification and articulating surfaces

A

RIB 1: Synarthrosis. Cartilaginous synchondrosis R2-7 Diarthrosis. Synovial planar. Articulates between costal cartilages to facets on lateral margin of sternum.

46
Q

What ligaments are associated with the sternocostal joints?

A

Radiate sternocostal ligaments.

47
Q

Radiate sternocostal ligaments

A

Connect costal cartilage to superior/lateral/inferior margins of the sternum

48
Q

Manubrosternal joint: classification and articulating surfaces

A

Amphiarthrosis. Cartilaginous symphysis Between manubrium and body of sternum.

49
Q

What ligaments are associated with the manubriosternal joint?

A

Radiate sternocostal of R2 Intraarticular sternocostal of R2

50
Q

Radiate Sternocostal ligament of R2

A

At manubriosternal joint. Little round ligament between sternum and costal cartilage.

51
Q

Interarticular Sternocostal of the R2

A

Between articular facets of head of rib and intervertebral fibrocartilage. At Manubriosternal joint.

52
Q

Xiphesternal joint: classification and articulating surfaces

A

Amphiarthrotic. Cartilaginous symphysis Between xyphoid process and body of sternum

53
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the xiphisternal joint?

A

Radiate Sternocostal ligament of R6 & 7 Costoxiphoid ligament

54
Q

Costoxiphoid ligament

A

Connect anterior/posterior of 7th costal cartilage (and maybe 6th) to anterior/posterior xiphisternal process.

55
Q

What are the movements of the thoracic spine?

A

R1-6. Up and forward. (Ant/post) R7-10 up and back (lateral) R11-12 away from midline (lateral)

56
Q

Sternoclavicular joint: classification and articular surfaces

A

Diarthrotic. Synovial saddle-like Sternal end of clavicle with upper/lateral manubrium, and cartilage if first rib

57
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Anterior sternoclavicular Posterior sternoclavicular Interclavicular Costoclavicular Articular disc

58
Q

Anterior sternoclavicular ligament

A

Connects above to ant/superior sternal end of clavicle to anterior upper manubrium.

59
Q

Posterior sternoclavicular ligament

A

Superior posterior sternal end of clavicle to posterior upper manubrium

60
Q

Interclavicular ligament

A

Attaches sternal ends of the clavicles yo each other, and also upper part of manubrium.

61
Q

Costoclavicular ligament

A

First costal cartilage to costal tuberosity of clavicle

62
Q

Pectus carinatum

A

Pigeon chest

63
Q

Pectus excavatum

A

Funnel chest

64
Q

Median atlantoaxial joint: classification, movement and articulating surfaces

A

Diarthrotic. Synovial pivot Shaking head (rotation) Fovea dentalis of C1 with anterior articulating facet of dens of C2

65
Q

What makes the c-spine unique?

A

1 uncovertebral joints 2 ligamentum nuchae

66
Q

Apical ligament

A

Median and lateral atlantoaxial joint Tip of dens to anterior foramen magnum

67
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the median and lateral atlantoaxial joints?

A

Apical Alar Cruciform/cruciate Tectorial membrane

68
Q

Alar ligament

A

Median and lateral atlantoaxial joints From superolateral dens to anterolateral foramen magnum

70
Q

Cruciform/cruciate ligaments

A

Transverse ligament of atlas: connects lateral masses of atlas; keeps odontoid process in place. Superior longitudinal and inferior longitudinal bisect it running superior/inferior. Together connect foramen magnum to body of C2

71
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

From body of atlas to anterior half of foramen magnum. Continuous with PLL.

72
Q

Lateral Atlantoaxial joint: classification and articular surfaces

A

Diarthrosis. Synovial Planar. Inferior articulating facet of lateral masses of the atlas/C1 to superior articulating facet of axis/C2.

73
Q

Atlanto-occipital articulation: classification, movement and articulating surfaces.

A

Diarthrotic. Synovial, condyloid/ellipsoid. Flexion/extension; lateral flexion Condyles of the occiput with superior articulating facts of lateral masses of atlas/C1.

74
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the atlanto-occipital articulation?

A

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane Lateral ligaments

75
Q

What is the blood supply for the cervical spine?

A

Vertebral artery, common carotid, subclavian, branches of external carotid.

76
Q

What innervates the cervical spine?

A

Branches of cervical plexus; segmental spinal nerves.

77
Q

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

A

Pass between the anterior margin of the foramen magnum and the anterior arch of the atlas/C1

78
Q

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

A

Connects posterior margin of foramen magnum to upper border of posterior arch of atlas/C1

79
Q

Lateral ligaments

A

Jugular processes of occiput to base of TVP of atlas/C1

80
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

A

Compression ofthe neurovascular bundle that emerges from the level of RI

81
Q

What portion of the C-spine does DJD/osteoarthritis affect most frequently?

A

C5-6 and C4-5 (because that’s where the greatest flexion/extension occurs)

82
Q

What supplies blood to the thoracic cage and mediasternum?

A

Internal thoracic, superior and posterior intercostals

83
Q

Nerve supply to chest wall and sternum

A
84
Q

Name the three Atlantoaxial joints and their classification

A
85
Q
A

A: inferior articular process
B: superior articular process
C: inferior vertebral noch
D: superior vertebral noch
E: intervertebral disc
F: zygapophysial joint
G: intervertebral foramen

86
Q
A

A: anulus fibrosus
B: nucleus pulposus
C: hyaline cartilage

87
Q
A

1: anterior longitudinal ligament
2: posterior longitudinal ligament
3: ligamentum flavum
4: interspinous ligament
5: supraspinous ligament

88
Q
A

This is the ligamentum nuchae. It replaces the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments in the cervical region. Runs from the external occipital protuberance of the skull to the spinous process of the vertebra prominent (C7).