Verbal System: Perfect, Imperfect, Participles Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Verbal System: Perfect, Imperfect, Participles Deck (18)
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1
Q

What are the different categories for the Perfect verb in Arnold and Choi (3.2.1.)?

A
  1. Complete
  2. Stative
  3. Experience
  4. Rhetorical Future
  5. Proverbial
  6. Performative
2
Q

What is the Complete category of the Perfect?

A

“action or state is viewed as a complete whole, with the beginning and end in view… simple past, present perfect, or pluperfect in translation.”

3
Q

What is the Stative category of the Perfect?

A

“state of affairs or a condition… Since a stative verb does not denote a ‘once-and-for-all’ completed action, it regularly requires duration, usually present tense in translation.”

4
Q

What is the Experience category of the Perfect?

A

“with a fientive verb denoting a state of mind, usually requiring the present in translation.”

5
Q

What is the Rhetorical Future category of the perfect?

A

“not yet a reality but considered a certainty from the speaker’s rhetorical point of view.”

6
Q

What is the Proverbial category of the Perfect?

A

“denoting actions, events, or facts that are not time conditioned, and considered to be general truths…usually requires the present tense.”

7
Q

What is the Performative category of the Perfect?

A

“action that occurs by means of speaking, usually requiring the present.”

8
Q

What are the different categories for the Imperfect verb in Arnold and Choi (3.2.2)?

A
  1. Future
  2. Customary
  3. Progressive
  4. Contingent
  5. Preterite
9
Q

What is the Future category of the Imperfect?

A

“action anticipated or announced.”

10
Q

What is the Customary category of the Imperfect?

A

“action occurring regularly or customarily.” Could be past/iterative; could also be present, in which case it frequently takes on a proverbial connotation.

11
Q

What is the Progressive category of the Imperfect?

A

“action that is underway or continuing as the writer or speaker describes it… usually expressed with participles.”

12
Q

What is the Contingent category of the Imperfect?

A

“action that is dependent on other factors in the context… often requiring the use of modal helping verbs: may, can, shall, might, could, should, and so on.”

13
Q

What are the four subcategories of the Contingent category of the imperfect?

A
  1. Conditional (If…)
  2. Permission (May…)
  3. Obligation (Ought/Should…)
  4. Command (Shall…)
14
Q

What is the Preterite category of the Imperfect?

A

“specifically past time situations when occurring after אָז(“at that time”), טֶרֶם(“before”),and בְּטֶרֶם(“before”).”

15
Q

What are the different categories for the Participles in Arnold and Choi (3.4.3)?

A
  1. Attributive
  2. Predicate
  3. Substantive
16
Q

What is the Attributive category of the Participles?

A

“ascribes a quality to a noun… forms a phrase with the noun it modifies…marks neither time nor aspect, both of which must be determined from the context.”

17
Q

What is the Predicate category of the Participles?

A

“expresses an assertion about a noun or pronounin a nominal clause…durative or progressive action or condition that may occur in past, present, or future time, depending on context.”

18
Q

What is the Substantive category of the Participles?

A

“functions as a noun, most often occurring with the definite article…Certain verbal roots were used so widely as substantive participles that they in essence became nouns, most denoting vocations or other identifying roles.”