Velocity of climate change Flashcards Preview

Impacts and adaptation: Name drops > Velocity of climate change > Flashcards

Flashcards in Velocity of climate change Deck (13)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Early responses of species to climate change seemed to predict a general poleward response (or upward in mountains and downward in the ocean)

Whats explained the magnitude and direction of shifts in latitude and depth much more effectively?

Pinsky et al., 2013

A

Climate velocity- the rate and direction that climate shifts across the landscape

2
Q

Loss of species in marine environments has been slower than in terrestrial systems, but appears to be increasing rapidly.

McCauley et al., 2015

A

Humans have profoundly decreased the abundance of both large (e.g., whales) and small (e.g., anchovies) marine fauna.

Such declines can generate waves of ecological change that travel both up and down ma­rine food webs and can alter ocean ecosystem functioning.

e.g cod (Ames, 2004)

3
Q

As temperatures rise what ecosystems are under the most threat?

Loarie et al., 2009

A

As temperatures rise, ecosystems with ‘nowhere to go’, such as mountains, are considered to be more threatened.

However, species survival may depend as much on keeping pace with moving climates as the climate’s ultimate persistence

4
Q

Plants and animals have responded to past climate changes by migrating with habitable environments…

Lazarus and McGill, 2014

A

…sometimes shifting the boundaries of their geographic ranges by tens of kilometers per year or more. Species migrating in response to present climate conditions, however, must contend with landscapes fragmented by anthropogenic disturbance.

5
Q

What is an ecotone?

What is an ecotonal boundary?

Hobbs et al., 2009

A

An ecotone is where one biome meets another.
Different biomes have different velocities (can move away from each other).

Ecotonal boundary opens - what happens in between = novel ecosystems

6
Q

How have humans transformed the terrestrial biosphere?

Ellis, 2011

A

Human populations and their use of land have transformed most of the terrestrial biosphere into anthropogenic biomes (anthromes), causing a variety of novel ecological patterns and processes to emerge.

7
Q

All names

A

Pinsky et al., 2013

McCauley et al., 2015

Loarie et al., 2009

Lazarus and McGill, 2014

Hobbs et al., 2009

Ellis, 2011

8
Q

Climate velocity- the rate and direction that climate shifts across the landscape

A

Early responses of species to climate change seemed to predict a general poleward response (or upward in mountains and downward in the ocean)

Whats explained the magnitude and direction of shifts in latitude and depth much more effectively?

Pinsky et al., 2013

9
Q

Humans have profoundly decreased the abundance of both large (e.g., whales) and small (e.g., anchovies) marine fauna.

Such declines can generate waves of ecological change that travel both up and down ma­rine food webs and can alter ocean ecosystem functioning.

e.g cod (Ames, 2004)

A

Loss of species in marine environments has been slower than in terrestrial systems, but appears to be increasing rapidly.

McCauley et al., 2015

10
Q

As temperatures rise, ecosystems with ‘nowhere to go’, such as mountains, are considered to be more threatened.

However, species survival may depend as much on keeping pace with moving climates as the climate’s ultimate persistence

A

As temperatures rise what ecosystems are under the most threat?

Loarie et al., 2009

11
Q

…sometimes shifting the boundaries of their geographic ranges by tens of kilometers per year or more. Species migrating in response to present climate conditions, however, must contend with landscapes fragmented by anthropogenic disturbance.

A

Plants and animals have responded to past climate changes by migrating with habitable environments…

Lazarus and McGill, 2014

12
Q

An ecotone is where one biome meets another.
Different biomes have different velocities (can move away from each other).

Ecotonal boundary opens - what happens in between = novel ecosystems

A

What is an ecotone?

What is an ecotonal boundary?

Hobbs et al., 2009

13
Q

Human populations and their use of land have transformed most of the terrestrial biosphere into anthropogenic biomes (anthromes), causing a variety of novel ecological patterns and processes to emerge.

A

How have humans transformed the terrestrial biosphere?

Ellis, 2011