Vascular biology II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A
  1. Continuous2. Fenestrated3. Sinusoidal
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2
Q

What type of junctional complexes do continuous capillaries have?

A

Tight junctions (complete or incomplete)

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3
Q

What are the main characteristics of continuous capillaries?

A
  1. Tight junctions2. Lack pores or fenestrae3. Numerous pinocytotic vesicles4. Well-developed basal lamina
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4
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A
  1. Brain2. Muscle3. Connective tissue4. Exocrine glands
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of fenestrated capillaries?

A
  1. Fenestrae / pores2. Pores closed by thin diaphragm3. Continuous basal lamina
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6
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

Areas of rapid exchange:1. Kidney, nonglomerular2. Endocrine glands3. Intestines4. Kidney, glomerulus - diaphragms absent

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of sinusoidal capillaries?

A
  1. Discontinuous endothelial lining - large openings2. Discontinuous or absent basal lamina3. Macrophages present
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8
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?

A

Areas of rapid exchange where cells can be exchanged: 1. Red bone marrow2. Liver3. Spleen4. Adrenal cortex

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9
Q

Which veins possess longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle in the adventitia?

A

IVC, SVC, brachiocephalic, renal, iliac

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10
Q

Vasculogenesis: definition

A

De novo vessel formation

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11
Q

De novo vessel formation

A

Vasculogenesis

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12
Q

Angiogenesis: definition

A

Growth from pre-existing EC-derived channels

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13
Q

Growth from pre-existing EC-derived channels

A

Angiogenesis

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14
Q

Arteriogenesis: definition

A

Formation of arteries, arterioles and collateral vessel remodeling

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15
Q

Formation of arteries, arterioles and collateral vessel remodeling

A

Arteriogenesis

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16
Q

Neovascularization: definition

A

Overarching term to include vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis

17
Q

Overarching term to include vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis

A

Neovascularization

18
Q

Vascular remodeling: definition

A

Vascular response to alterations in the environment

19
Q

Vascular response to alterations in the environment

A

Vascular remodeling

20
Q

What are the two mechanisms of blood vessel formation?

A
  1. From endothelial precursor cells2. From pre-existing vessels
21
Q

Where do EPCs reside?

A

Red bone marrow of adults and non-bone marrow niches

22
Q

What are the functions of the EPC mechanism for vessel formation?

A
  1. Replace lost endothelial cells2. Re-endothelialization of vascular implants3. Neovascularization of ischemic organs, wounds, and tumors
23
Q

What are the steps for vessel formation from pre-existing vessels?

A
  1. Vasodilation (via NO) and increased permeability (via VEGF)2. Proteolytic degradation of basal lamina (via MMPs)3. Loss of intercellular junctions (via plasminogen activator)4. Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells (via VEGF, ANG-2)5. Endothelial cells mature into endothelial capillary tube6. Elaboration of basal lamina (via FGF) and recruitment of periendothelial cells
24
Q

What protein do tumor endothelial cells express?

A

Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8)