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Flashcards in Vaccines Deck (34)
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1
Q

Vaccination

A
  • Used to control and fight infectious diseases
  • used in humans and animals
  • Smallpox was first human disease to be irradiated by vaccines
2
Q

Distemper, Parvovirus, Leptospirosis

A

Until 1980’s these diseases commonly killed dogs

widespread vaccination means this is no longer the case. though cases are still seen.

3
Q

Aims of vaccination

A
  • Protection from clinical disease
  • Transmission of temporary protection from mother to offspring
  • Reduction in amount of infectious agent produced following an infection
  • Elimination of infectious agent from group of animals or country (herd immunity)
4
Q

Vaccine - definition

A

Substance given to an animal to stimulate an immune response which will give the animal active immunity against a disease or diseases

5
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Immunity passed from mother to offspring in colostrum.

6
Q

Live vaccines

A

(attenuated) organism within the vaccine has had virulence reduced so organism is able to replicate but does not cause the animal harm.

Weakened so the body’s immune system should easily overcome the organism.

Can possibly cause disease without reverting to virulence.

7
Q

Inactivated vaccines

A

Vaccines containging organisms which have been killed (ultra violent light)

Several doses of these types of vaccines are needed to stimulate the body’s immune system

8
Q

Sub-unit vaccine

A

Only contains part of the pathogenic organism.
This is enough to produce an immune response without the animal suffering from the disease the organism is responsible for.

– e.g. feline leukaemia

9
Q

Vector vaccine

A

Contains sub units of an organism which have been combined with a non pathogenic live virus.

Advantage - adjuvent might not be needed in these vaccines

10
Q

Toxoid

A

Preperation of a toxin that has been treated with chemicals or heat, so it will be less likely to make the animal ill but will still illicite an immune response.

11
Q

Toxoid

A

Preperation of a toxin that has been treated with chemicals or heat, so it will be less likely to make the animal ill but will still illicit an immune response.

e.g. - tetanus in horses

12
Q

Adjuvant

A

Substance added to inactivated vaccines to produce a more pronounced immune response to increase vaccine effectiveness and prolong efficacy.

Animals may react to the adjuvant.

13
Q

Hyper immune antiserum

A

Serum containing high levels of antibodies is taken from an animal which is immune to a disease because of vaccination.
Serum is then obtained and administered to another animal in contact with the disease currently to give immediate protection.

14
Q

Autogenous vaccine (self generated)

A

Vaccine produced using the pathogen currently affecting the animal. These are altered in a lab before re-injecting back into the patient.

Can be used in animals with skin infections.

15
Q

Dogs Core vaccines

A

Distemper
Parvovirus
Hepatitis

16
Q

Dogs not core vaccines

A

Bordatella
Lepto
Rabies
Herpes

17
Q

Cats core vaccines

A

Panleuocopaenis
Calci
Rhinotracheitis (herpes)

18
Q

Cats non core vaccines

A

FeLV
Rabies
Feline Chlamydia

19
Q

Ferrets Vaccines

A

Distemper - Core

Rabies - not core

20
Q

Rabbits vaccines

A

Myxomatosis - core

RHD - core

21
Q

Horses core vaccines

A

Equine influenza

Tetanus

22
Q

Horses non core vaccines

A

viral arteritis
Rota virus
Streptococcus

23
Q

Primary course - 1st vacc

A

Roughly 8 weeks of age
Timed when maternal antibodies are still present but in some animals could be waning
Antibodies are produced between 7 - 10 days later - primary response which only lasts a few days

24
Q

Primary course - 2nd vacc

A

2 - 3 weeks after first vacc.
Stimulates the body body to produce more antibodies
Secondary response lasts a lifetime

25
Q

Primary course - 3rd vacc

A

Given 2 - 3 weeks later.
Covers animals that still had maternal antibodies at 8 weeks and did not create a primary response at that time. 3rd vacc is secondary response in some animals.

26
Q

Turn out peroid

A

7-14 days after vaccination during which the animals are NOT immune

27
Q

Booster Vaccinations

A

Booster vacc required a year after the primary course to ensure full immunity.
DHP can be upto 3 years but varies between manufacturers and types of vaccine.

28
Q

Equine vaccinations

A

Best immunity passed to foal if mare is vaccinated 1 - 3 months between foaling.
Foal’s primary vaccine starts at 5-6 months

29
Q

Routes of administration

– Oral

A

Human polio or cholera

30
Q

Routes of administration

– Intra nasal

A

Kennel cough - bordatella

31
Q

Routes of administration

– Subcutaneous injection

A

DHP
RCP
Most vaccines

32
Q

Routes of administration

– Intra-dermal

A

Old style myxo virus

33
Q

Vaccine failure

A
Immuno-compromised - steroids / antibiotics 
Animal already suffering from disease 
Wrong timing - covered by maternal antibodies
Incorrect administration - misinjection / wrong route 
Incorrect storage 
Expired vaccination
Reconstituted wrongly
Incorrect species
Black and tan dogs 
Vaccinating under GA
Manufacturer error 
No booster - failure to vaccination
34
Q

Adverse reactions

A
Swelling at injection site 
Urticaria (hives)
V+ / D+ 
Ataxia 
Shivering 
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