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Flashcards in UWorld_7.01 Deck (23)
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1
Q

Aplastic anemia vs. aplastic crisis

A
  • aplastic anemia = pancytopenia

- aplastic crisis = sudden halt of RBC production

2
Q

Pruritic, skin-colored papules w/umbilicated center ==> ?

A
  • molluscum contagiosum
  • caused by poxvirus
  • prolonged course/widespread indicated impaired cellular immunity/HIV
3
Q

Common complication of thyroidectomy

A

post-surgical hypoparathyroidism ==> hypocalcemia ==> non-specific sx, m. cramps/tetany, prolonged QT

4
Q

Initial evaluation of hypercalcemia

A
  • PTH levels
  • elevated PTH ==> primary hyperparathyroidism
  • PTH-independent ==> usually malignancy
5
Q

Long-term in patients with pernicious anemia

A

gastric cancer

6
Q

Risk factors for RDS in neonate

A
  • prematurity

- maternal DM

7
Q

Fever, lethargy, and signs of HF in child ==> dx?

A

viral myocarditis

8
Q

Risk factors for Celiac disease

A
  • first degree relative w/celiac
  • autoimmune thyroiditis
  • T1DM
  • Down syndrome
  • IgA deficiency
9
Q

Sx of celiac disease

A
  • GI: abd pain, N/V, diarrhea (occasionally constipation), flatulence/bloating
  • extraintestinal: short stature, weight loss, iron def. anemia, dermatitis herpetiformis
10
Q

Dx of celiac dz.

A
  • anti-TTG
  • anti-endomysial ab
  • duodenal biopsy w/increased epithelial lymphocytes and flattened villi
11
Q

Most common cause of B12 deficiency in caucasians

A

pernicious anemia

12
Q

Schistocytes 2/2 ….

A

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (DIC, HUS, TTP)

13
Q

Lab values in hemolytic anemia

A
  • decreased haptoglobin

- increased LDH, bili

14
Q

Nondisplaced scaphoid fx management

A

immoblization x 6-10weeks

15
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitor MOA

A
  • enhances natriuresis
  • decreases angiotensin II
  • decreases aldosterone production
16
Q

Hairy cell leukemia tx

A

cladribine = purine analog; se = neuro/kidney toxicity

17
Q

serum pH impact on Ca

A

increased pH (alkalosis) ==> dissoc. of H+ from albumin ==> binding of Ca to albumin ==> decreased ionized Ca

18
Q

How to remove tick?

A

use tweezers

19
Q

21-hydroxylase deficiency ==>

A
  • low cortisol/aldosterone
  • elevated testosterone
  • elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone
  • ambig. genitalia in girls
  • salt wasting
20
Q

11b-hydroxylase deficiency ==>

A
  • low cortisol/aldosterone
  • elevated testosterone
  • elevated 11-deoxycorticosterone = weak MC
  • ambig. genitalia in girls
  • fluid/salt retention
21
Q

17a-hydroxylase deficiency ==>

A
  • low cortisol & testosterone
  • elevated MCs
  • elevated corticosterone = weak GC
  • all pt.s phenotypically female
  • fluid & salt retention, HTN
22
Q

First line therapy for uncomplicated cystitis

A
  • TMP-SMX
  • nitrofurantoin
  • fosfomycin
23
Q

Effect modification definition

A
  • external variable positively or negatively impacts of a risk factor on the disease of interest
  • distinguished for confounding by performing a stratified analysis