UTIs and STIs Flashcards Preview

Medical bacteriology: First half > UTIs and STIs > Flashcards

Flashcards in UTIs and STIs Deck (16)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Is the urinary tract sterile?

A

Yes

2
Q

Symptoms of a UTI

A

Cystitis, can get parenchyma of the kidneys and lead to pyelonephritis

3
Q

How many people get a UTI each year?

A

150 million

4
Q

Women lifetime risk? Men lifetime risk?

A

Women - 50%, men - 0.5%

5
Q

Why do young boys get UTIs? Why do older men get UTIs?

A

young boys - problems with valves

older men - prosthetic hypotrophy

6
Q

What does the production of urease lead to?

A

Build up of renal calculi

7
Q

What is the main causative agent?

A

E.coli

8
Q

obtaining a sample

A
  • Midstream urine sample
  • Bag sample
  • Suprapubic aspiration
9
Q

Diagnosing a UTI

A
  • CLED - allows for growth of coliforms
  • Gram stain - E.coli negative
  • Dipstick - E.coli makes nitrites from nitrates - cheap and efficient
  • flow cytometry - quantification - greater than 10^5
10
Q

Virulence factors in UTIs

A

pap pilli
Fimbriae
Cytotoxins
Haemolysin

11
Q

Syphillis

A

Caused by T.pallidum
4500 cases per year
3 stages:
-primary stage - chancres and can be treated with penicillin
-secondary stage - 6-8 weeks after infection leading to generalised malaise and a rash and condylomata (infectious)
-tertiary - 3-30 years and leads on gumma on the head and cardiovascular problems
-cant be cultured in the lab

12
Q

Gonorrhoea

A
  • second most common STI in the UK
  • obligate intracellular pathogen
  • 20% women are asymptomatic, 90% of men are asymptomatic
  • Characterised by; pus and burning sensation and non genital complication ie arthritis
  • Symptoms of epidinitis and oratis occur 2-7 days after infection. Can lead to blockages of the fallopian tubes, PID and septic arthritis
  • Plated on VPAT (vancopmycin, polymixin, amphotericin B and trimethoprim) and incubated for 48 hours at 5-10% Co2
  • Can be passed onto baby as opthalmia neonatorum
13
Q

Chlamydia

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis - obligate intracellular pathogen
  • D and K serovars most prevalent in the UK.
  • 50% men and 80% women are asymptomatic.
  • 10-40% of women who get it getting PID.
  • Use a type III secretion system
  • NAAT used to diagnose
  • Tropical genital ulcerations have been seen in patients in developing countries by serovars L1, L2 AND L3 of C; this leads to lymph node infections in men
14
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

A

Painful chancres

15
Q

Klebsiella igunale (donovanosis)

A

Localised loss of tissue function leads to erosion around the penis

16
Q

Giardnerella vaginalis and bacteroides

A

Bacterial vaginosis