Urinary System Flashcards Preview

Nursing 102 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Urinary System Deck (27)
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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

ability of the body to maintain its internal environment at a “steady rate” & within very narrow ranges of normal regardless of external changes

2
Q

Functions of the kidneys

A
  • regulates volume and chemical composition of blood
  • regulates blood pressure
  • produces erythropoietin
  • metabolizes vitamin D to active form
  • filters waste materials
  • **fluids, electrolytes, acid/base balance
3
Q

Excretory functions of the kidney

A
  • plasma osmolarity (varying the excret. of water to maintain plasma osmolarity)
  • plasma concentration of electrolytes
  • plasma pH
  • nitrogen end products of protein metabolism
4
Q

Non-excretory functions of the kidney

A
  • renin production
  • erythropoietin production
  • Vitamin D activation
  • degrading insulin
5
Q

Renal system & CV system

A
  • delivers blood to be filtered
  • sustains pressure needed for filtration
  • provides specialized capillaries for filtration
6
Q

Renal system & Nervous system

A
  • regulates blood pressure via vessel tone (perfusion)

- controls the process of urination via sensory reflexs

7
Q

Renal system & Endocrine system

A
  • aldosterone (adrenal cortex) – Na reabsorption and K secretion
  • ADH (posterior pituitary) – water conserver and released due low blood volume or low blood pressure
8
Q

Renal system & urinary collecting system

A
  • exit of urine from the body

- calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra

9
Q

Why is the right kidney lower than the left?

A

the liver pushes it down.

10
Q

Hilum

A

entry/exit – renal artery, renal nerves. renal vein and ureter exit

11
Q

Cortex

A

outer layer. directly underneath capsule, most nephrons and blood vessels located under the cortex (medulla)

12
Q

Medulla

A

some nephrons and collecting system

13
Q

pyramids

A

contain nephrons and blood vessels

14
Q

Bertin’s columns

A

segment of cortex -> separate medulla pyramids

15
Q

Collecting system

A

(papillae, calyces, renal pelvis)

transports urine out; no chemical modification

16
Q

Papillae

A

(ducts of bellini)

collects urin, directs into minor–>major calyces–> renal pelvis –> ureter

17
Q

Renal pelvis

A

can only hold 3-5 ml of urine

18
Q

Nephron

A
  • over 1 million in each kidney. 85% are located in the cortex and 15% are juxtamedullary nephrons (pass thru the medulla)
  • all nephrons are active in forming urine
19
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A
  • surrounds the glomerulus

- contains everything filtered by the glomerulus

20
Q

Bowman’s capsule/glomerulus AKA…

A

renal corpusule

21
Q

Glomerulus

A

specialized cap. bed, important for filtration; very porous, filter by size (everything but RBCs and protein bc too big)

22
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

-connected to bowman’s capsule and loop of henle.

23
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

into collecting duct (after loop)

24
Q

Collecting duct

A

-each nephron may empty into same duct. not every nephron has its own

25
Q

Macula densa

A

cells found at the point of contact between the distal convoluted tubule (beginning) and the afferent and efferent arterioles. Cells sense changes in blood volume and blood pressure.

26
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells

A

-enlarged smooth muscle cells in the arteriole walls near the glomerulus together with the macula densa

27
Q

Renin and the juxtaglomerular cells

A

renin is stored and released from the juxtaglomerular cells

sense and regulate BP