Urinalysis Flashcards
1
Q
Purpose of UA
A
- Detection of substances excreted in urine reflecting metabolic disturbances
- Detection of intrinsic renal conditions
2
Q
UA sx
A
- Abdominopelvic pain
- Flank pain
- Back pain
- Painful or frequent urination
- Changes in urine color
3
Q
Types of specimens
A
- Random
- Catheter
- Midstream clean-catch
4
Q
How is a UA ordered?
A
- Dipstick
- Dipstick w/ micro
- Complete UA
- Complete UA w/ reflex urine culture
5
Q
3 components of UA
A
- Physical: color, transparency, odor, volume
- Chemical: protein, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, pH, blood
- Microscopic: WBCs, RBCs, casts, crystals
6
Q
Color of urine
A
- Straw
- Red
- Amber
7
Q
What do RBCs in urine indicate?
A
- Infection
- Urolithiasis
- Neoplasm
- AKI
8
Q
What do WBCs in urine indicate?
A
- Infection
- Renal inflammatory processes: interstitial nephritis
9
Q
What does renal epithelial indicate?
A
- AKI
- nephritic syndrome
10
Q
What does squamous cell indicate?
A
Contamination
11
Q
What do oval fat bodies indicate?
A
- Nonspecific
- Nephrotic syndrome
12
Q
Urinary casts
A
- Urinary protein forms fibrils that attach to epithelial cells, lining tubule of lumen
- Fibrils may intertwine to form casts
- Casts are eventually washed out of their point of origin & appear in urine
- Cylindrical, cigar-shaped bodies
- Unique to the kidney
13
Q
Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein
A
- Major protein constituent of normal urine (often forms the common matrix of casts)
- Major defense protein of urothelium against bacteria
- Strips do not detect, bc it is so heavily glycosylated
14
Q
Common urinary casts
A
- Hyaline
- WBC, RBC
- Granular
- Renal tubular epithelial cell
- Waxy
- Broad
15
Q
Abnormal urinary crystals
A
- Found at acidic pH
- Require confirmation
- Antibiotics
- Amino acids
- Altered metabolism
- Radiographic contrast media
