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General A&P > Unit II Vocabulary > Flashcards

Unit II Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

An immovable joint

A

Synarthrosis

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2
Q

A slightly moveable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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3
Q

A freely moveable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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4
Q

Connective tissue that holds together two bones or a joint

A

Ligaments

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5
Q

Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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6
Q

Small, thin, fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue

A

Bursae

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7
Q

When a ligament is stretched to the point of tearing some of the collagen fibers

A

Sprain

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8
Q

Movement in the anterior–posterior plane that decreases the angle between articulating bones

A

Flexion

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9
Q

Movement in the anterior–posterior plane that increases the angle between articulating bones

A

Extension

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10
Q

Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

A

Abduction

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11
Q

Movement towards the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

A

Adduction

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12
Q

Twisting movement of the foot that turns the sole inward, elevating the medial edge of the sole

A

Inversion

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13
Q

Twisting movement of the foot that turns the sole outward, elevating the lateral edge of the sole

A

Eversion

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14
Q

Flexion at the ankle joint and elevation of the sole, as when you dig in your heel

A

Dorsiflexion

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15
Q

Extends the ankle joint and elevates the heel, as when you stand on tiptoe

A

Plantar flexion

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16
Q

Skull and associated bones, vertebral column and thoracic cage

A

Axial skeleton

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17
Q

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and upper and lower appendages

A

Appendicular skeleton

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18
Q

Chamber that supports the brain

A

Cranial cavity

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19
Q

Air-filled chambers in the skull

A

Sinuses

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20
Q

Thoracic and sacral curves

A

Primary curves

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21
Q

Lumbar and cervical curves

A

Secondary curves

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22
Q

Exaggerated thoracic curvature (hunchback)

A

Kyphosis

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23
Q

Anterior exaggeration of the lumbar curve

A

Lordosis

24
Q

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

A

Scoliosis

25
Q

Ribs which reach the anterior body wall and are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions

A

True ribs

26
Q

Ribs that don’t attach directly to the sternum, but fuse with cartilage of rib pair 7

A

False ribs

27
Q

Ribs that have no connection to the sternum at all

A

Floating ribs

28
Q

The widest and most superior portion of the sternum. Only the first pair of ribs is attached by cartilage to this portion of the sternum

A

Manubrium

29
Q

The muscular diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles attach to this portion of the sternum

A

Xyphoid process

30
Q

Consists of two S-shaped clavicles and two broad, flat scapulae

A

Pectoral girdle

31
Q

The two hip bones make up this

A

Pelvic girdle

32
Q

A dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

33
Q

Divides the skeletal muscle into a series of compartments

A

Perimysium

34
Q

Surrounds the individual skeletal muscle cells, called muscle fibers

A

Endomysium

35
Q

Each muscle fiber contains hundreds to thousands of these cylindri­cal structures

A

Myofibrils

36
Q

A bundle of muscle fibers

A

Fascicle

37
Q

Repeating functional units of the myofibrils

A

Sarcomere

38
Q

A thin filament containing active sites

A

Actin

39
Q

Covers active sites on actin

A

Tropomyosin

40
Q

Consists of 3 globular subunits, which bind to actin, tropomyosin, and two calcium ions

A

Troponin

41
Q

Thick filaments which bind to active sites on actin

A

Myosin

42
Q

A chemical released by a neuron to change the permeability or other properties of another cell’s plasma membrane

A

Neurotransmitter

43
Q

A sudden change in the membrane potential that travels along the length of the axon

A

Action potential

44
Q

The cytoplasm of the axon terminal contains vesicles filled with this

A

Acetylcholine

45
Q

A chemical synapse formed by the contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. It is here that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction

A

Neuromuscular junction

46
Q

All of the muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron

A

Motor unit

47
Q

The resting tension in a skeletal muscle

A

Muscle tone

48
Q

In a muscle - tension increases and the skeletal muscle’s length changes

A

Isotonic contraction

49
Q

The muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle shortens

A

Concentric contraction

50
Q

The peak tension developed is less than the load, and the muscle elongates due to the contrac­tion of another muscle or the pull of gravity

A

Eccentric contraction

51
Q

The muscle as a whole does not change length, and the tension produced never exceeds the load

A

Isometric contraction

52
Q

Provides 95 percent of the ATP demands of a resting cell

A

Aerobic metabolism

53
Q

The place where the fixed end of a muscle attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue

A

Origin

54
Q

The site where the movable end of a muscle attaches to another structure

A

Insertion

55
Q

A muscle whose contraction is mostly responsible for producing a particular movement

A

Agonist

56
Q

A muscle whose action opposes that of a particular agonist

A

Antagonist

57
Q

Helps a larger agonist work efficiently

A

Synergist

General A&P (16 decks)

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