Unit 7 Ethnicity - Vocabulary Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 7 Ethnicity - Vocabulary Deck (27)
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1
Q

Apartheid

A

Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas

2
Q

Balkanized

A

Descriptive of a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonism toward each other

3
Q

Balkanization

A

A process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

4
Q

Barrio

A

A district of a town in Spain and Spanish-speaking countries.

(in the US) the Spanish-speaking quarter of a town or city, especially one with a high poverty level

5
Q

Blockbusting

A

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood

6
Q

Charter group

A

The dominant first arrivals establishing the cultural norms and standards against which other immigrant groups were measured (Europeans in North America, British and French in Canada)

7
Q

Centripetal force

A

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

8
Q

Centrifugal force

A

A force or attitude that tends to divide a state

9
Q

Ethnicity

A

Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions

10
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region

11
Q

Ethnic enclave

A

A small geographical region in which a large number of immigrants have congregated, such as in Chinatown

12
Q

Genocide

A

The mass killing of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence

13
Q

Ghetto

A

During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure

14
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas (meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government)

15
Q

Multi-ethnic state

A

A state that contains more than one ethnicity

16
Q

Multinational state

A

A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities

17
Q

Nationalism

A

Loyalty or devotion to a particular nationality

18
Q

Nationality

A

Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there

19
Q

Nation-state

A

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

20
Q

Part nation-state

A

When a nation overlaps the boundaries of multiple states you have multiple nations states of the same nation

21
Q

Race

A

Identity with a group of people descended from a biological ancestor

22
Q

Racism

A

Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produces an inherent superiority of a particular race

23
Q

Segregation

A

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

24
Q

Self-determination

A

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

25
Q

Sharecropper

A

A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of crops

26
Q

Stateless nation

A

A nationality that is not represented by a state

27
Q

Triangular slave trade

A

A practice, primarily during the 18th century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa