Unit 5: Notes 4

Question 1

what is the meninges? and what are the parts to it

Answer 1

three layers of protection. the dura mater (outermost), arachnoid mater (middle layer) , and pia mater (adheres to brain)

Question 2

name the main parts of the brain

Answer 2

1. cerebrum
2. cerebellum
3. diencephalon
4. Brain stem

Question 3

cerebrum

Answer 3

higher brain functions (thinking/emotions)

Question 4

cerebellum

Answer 4

balance and muscle coordination

Question 5

diencephalon

Answer 5

relays sensory info and controls many autonomic functions

Question 6

brainstem

Answer 6

vital body functions

• heart rate
• breathing

Question 7

what protects the brain

Answer 7

blood brain barrier, skull, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

blood brain barrier

Answer 8

astrocytes

Question 9

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 9

ependymal cells
- cushions brain, removes waste, buoyancy, transports hormones
• circulates in subarachnoid space, around brain/spinal cord and in ventricles
• hydrocephalus is the build up of CSF

Question 10

name the facts of the cerebrum

Answer 10

1. largest region of the brain
2. responsible for the voluntary or conscious activities of the body
3. site of intelligence, learning and judgment
4. consists of left and right hemisphere
   
   • connected by corpus callosum

Question 11

name the parts of the surface of the cerebrum

Answer 11

1. gyrus
2. sulcus
3. fissure
4. Central sulcus
5. postcentral gyrus
6. Precentral gyrus

Question 12

gyrus

Answer 12

A bump or bulge

Question 13

sulcus

Answer 13

shallow groove

Question 14

fissure

Answer 14

deep groove

Question 15

Central sulcus

Answer 15

separates the frontal and parietal lobe’s

Question 16

post central gyrus

Answer 16

immediately posterior to central sulcus, contains primary somatosensory cortex

• receives tactile info (Touch, pressure, pain, temperature, proprioception)
• produces sensations and after
• localize it to body regions

Question 17

Precentral gyrus

Answer 17

immediately anterior, contains the primary motor cortex

• executes movements plan by other areas
• primary motor cortex on one side of brain controls muscles on the opposite side

Question 18

name the parts to the cerebral cortex (cerebrum)

Answer 18

1. prefrontal cortex
2. Motor association cortex
3. primary motor cortex
4. primary somatosensory cortex
5. sensory association cortex
6. Visual association area
7. Visual cortex
8. Wernicke’s area
9. auditory association area
10. auditory cortex
11. Broca’s area

Question 19

describe the cerebral cortex

Answer 19

-Gray matter of cerebrum (outer layer) - densely packed nerve cell bodies
• White matter (inner layer) is made up of myelinated axons
-processes info from our sense organs and controls body movements

Question 20

prefrontal cortex

Answer 20

problem-solving, emotion, complex thoughts

Question 21

Motor association cortex

Answer 21

coronation of complex movement

Question 22

primary motor cortex

Answer 22

initiation of voluntary movement

Question 23

primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 23

received tactile info from the body

Question 24

sensory association cortex

Answer 24

processing of multi sensory info

Question 25

Visual association area

Answer 25

complex interpreting visual info

Question 26

Visual cortex

Answer 26

detection of simple visual stimuli

Question 27

Wernicke’s area

Answer 27

language comprehension

Question 28

auditory association area

Answer 28

complex processing of auditory info

Question 29

auditory cortex

Answer 29

detect of sound quality (loudness, tone)

Question 30

Broca’s area

Answer 30

speech production and articulation

Question 31

name the lobes of the brain

Answer 31

parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal

Question 32

parietal lobe

Answer 32

perception of stimuli (Touch, pain, pressure, temperature)

Question 33

Temporal lobe

Answer 33

perception in recognition of auditory stimuli and memory

Question 34

occipital

Answer 34

vision

Question 35

Frontal

Answer 35

reasoning, planning, parts of speech and movement (Motor cortex), emotions, personality, and problem-solving

Question 36

describe the cerebellum

Answer 36

• lower back end of brain
• info about muscle and joint position sent here
• produces graceful and efficient movements
• command to move from cerebral cortex is coordinated and balanced here

Question 37

describe ataxia

Answer 37

-result of damage in cerebellum
• lack of motor coordination: can effective speech, ability to swallow, movement, eye-movement
-alcohol can cause ataxia

Question 38

name the parts of the diencephalon

Answer 38

1. thalamus
2. hypothalamus
3. pineal gland

Question 39

diencephalon

Answer 39

above brainstem

Question 40

thalamus

Answer 40

• relay station/switch/traffic cop for incoming sensory impulses
• maintenance of consciousness

Question 41

hypothalamus

Answer 41

• Control sensor for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue and body temp
• circadian rhythm, homeostasis
• regulates emotional and behavioral patterns (rage, aggression, pain, pleasure, sexual arousal)

Question 42

pineal gland

Answer 42

secretes hormones melatonin and promotes sleepiness

Question 43

brainstem

Answer 43

-between spinal cord and diencephalon
-responsible for vital life functions
• breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
-Medulla oblongata
• breathing and heart rate center
-Pons
-mid brain