Unit 5 Lecture 32 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 5 Lecture 32 Deck (34)
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1
Q

List the organs of the urinary system

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
2
Q

Label kidney functions

A
  • Regulation of blood ionic composition, blood pH and osmolarity, blood glucose, blood volume, blood pressure
  • release of erythropoietin and calcitriol
  • excretion of wastes and foreign substances
3
Q

What are the kidney’s 3 major physiological functions on blood?

A
  1. filtration
  2. reabsorption
  3. secretion
4
Q

Do the kidneys deal with blood cells or blood plasma?

A

BLOOD PLASMA!!!!

5
Q

What happens to 99% of the nutrients/electrolytes in blood plasma?

A

reabsorbed by blood

6
Q

Define renal threshold

A

The normal levels of what’s reabsorbed by blood and what is sent to urine

7
Q

What happens if the nutrients/ electrolyte concentration is too high?

A

Concentration exceeds renal threshold, little is reabsorbed by blood, and most is lost in urine

8
Q

3 Layers of the kidney

A

renal cortex, medulla and sinus

9
Q

What is the nephron?

A

functional unit of the kidney

10
Q

What happens to nephrons over age or damage?

A

they just get bigger …. nephrons are never replaced after birth

11
Q

Name the two parts of the nephron

A
  • renal corpuscle

- renal tubule

12
Q

Function of renal corpuscle

A

plasma filtration

13
Q

Parts of the renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

14
Q

Function of glomerulus

A

filtration occurs

15
Q

function of glomerular capsule

A

collects filtrate

16
Q

Function of renal tubule

A

reabsorption from filtrate and secretion into filtrate

17
Q

Parts of renal tubule

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of Henle
  • distal convoluted tubule
18
Q

What structure comes after the distal convoluted tubule?

A

collecting duct

19
Q

What makes up the blood capillaries in the glomerulus?

A

afferent and efferent arterioles

20
Q

What do efferent arterioles branch into?

A

peritubular network or vasa recta

21
Q

Name the 2 types of nephrons

A

cortical and juxtamedullary

22
Q

What nephron is the majority?

A

cortical

23
Q

Where are cortical nephrons found?

A

mostly in the renal cortex

24
Q

Where are juxtamedullary found?

A

low into renal medulla

25
Q

What type of blood supply does cortical nephrons have?

A

peritubular network

26
Q

What type of bloo supply does juxtamedullary nephrons have?

A

vasa recta

27
Q

What is unique about juxtamedullary loop of henle?

A

thin and thick ascending limb of loop of henle

28
Q

What type of nerves regulate blood flow and renal (nephron) resistance?

A

sympathetic vasomotor nerves

29
Q

What produces large changes in renal filtration?

A

vasoconstriction and vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles

30
Q

Where are simple squamous cells found in the nephron?

A
  • parietal layer of glomerular capsule
  • descending limb of Henle
  • thin ascending limb of Henle
31
Q

Where are cuboidal cells found in the nephron?

A

pct, thick ascending limb, dct, and cd

32
Q

Where are microvilli found?

A

PCT and intercalated cells of the CD

33
Q

Function of microvilli

A

increases surface area for reabsorption

34
Q

Where are hormonal receptors found?

A

DCT and principal cells of CD