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history > unit 3 half test > Flashcards

unit 3 half test Flashcards

1
Q

enclosures

A

one of the fenced in or hedged in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formally worked by village farmers

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2
Q

crop rotation

A

the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

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3
Q

industrialization

A

the development of industries for the machine production of goods

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4
Q

entrepreneur

A

a person who organizes manages and takes on the risks of a business

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5
Q

urbanization

A

the growth of cities and the migration of people into them

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6
Q

stock

A

Certain rights of ownership

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7
Q

corporation

A

a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

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8
Q

Laissez faire

A

the idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses: policy of letting owners of businesses set working conditions

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9
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit

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10
Q

utilitarianism

A

the theory proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people

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11
Q

socialism

A

an economic system in which factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

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12
Q

communism

A

an economic system in which all means of production land mines factories railroads and businesses are owned by the people private property does not exist and all goods and services are shared equally

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13
Q

suffrage

A

the right to vote

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14
Q

dominion

A

the British Empire allowed to govern its own domestic affairs

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15
Q

manifest destiny

A

the idea, popular among mid 19th century Americans, that it was the right and the duty of the united states to rule north America from the Atlantic ocean to the pacific ocean

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16
Q

mass culture

A

the production of works of art and entertainment design to appeal to a large audience

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17
Q

Charles Darwin

A

English naturalist. natural selection and theory of evolution.

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18
Q

Alfred Dreyfus

A

one of the few Jewish officers in the french army accused of selling military secrets to Germany. Found Guilty. Framed. refused to reopen his case.

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19
Q

Karl Marx

A

introduced the world to a radical type of socialism : Marxism. the communist manifests.

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20
Q

Adam Smith

A

professor at the university of Glasgow, Scotland defended idea of free economy or free markets. book Wealth of Nations. 3 laws natural laws
self interest law of competition law of supply and demand

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21
Q

James Watt

A

mathematical instrument maker. figured out how to make the steam engine work fast and run more efficiently while burning less fuel

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22
Q

why did the industrial revolution begin in Britain?

A

large population, extensive natural resources (industrial required natural resources) such as water power and coal to fuel machines, iron ore to construct machines, tools, buildings, rivers for inland transportation, and harbors form which merchant ships set sail. expanding economy to support industrialization. business people to invest, banking system so ppl could get loans to invest. Political stability. had all factors of production (land labor and wealth) to support the industrial revolution

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23
Q

improvement of the industrialization revolution

A

Created jobs for workers, contributed to the wealth of the nation, fostered technological progress and invention, increased the production of goods and raised the standard of living, provided hope of improvement in peoples lives. healthier diets, better housing, cheaper clothing, expanded educational opportunities.

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24
Q

effects of industrialization on daily life

A

long hours, sickness, bad housing, dangerous jobs, poor sanitary conditions, child labor.

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25
Q

industrialism in the US and Continental europe

A

US- textile industry. Britain forbid workers to leave the country to prevent their secrets from getting out. Continental Europe- Belgium: adopted Britain new technology Germany: built railroads that linked the growing manufacturing cities.

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26
Q

Economic differences during the industrial revolution

A

capitalism- individuals owed property and means of production, progress resulted when individuals followed their own self interests, government should not interfere in the economy because competition created efficiency in business
Socialism- community or state own property and means of production, progress results when a community of producers cooperate fo the good of all, socialist believe that capitalist employer stake advantage of workers.

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27
Q

reform movements relating to industrialism

A

Labor unions( workers joined together in voluntary labor association. skilled labor), reform laws,abolition of slavery( Britain-1833,US-1865,PR-1873,Cuba-1888,Brazil-1888), women rights, child labor laws,

28
Q

political reforms in 19th century Britain

A

reform bill of 1832- extend right to vote. parliament eared that violence would spread so they passed the bill.

29
Q

changes in Bristish Colonies

A

Canada- Anglos and French divided and reunited
Aus and NZ 1788 Australia as penal colony
Ireland- british ruled since 1100, prtestants vs catholics
Like Canada Australia and New Zealand wanted to rule themselves

30
Q

Inventions and innovations of the 19th century

A

Thomas Edison- light bulb, phonograph, Alexander Graham Bell- telephone, Marconi- radio, Ford- affordable cars, assembly line, Wright Brothers- powered lights
Germ theory-discovery of bacteria, pasteurization, sterilization in surgery
Scientific advances- natural selection, theory of evolution, genetics,atoms, periodic table.

31
Q

Imperialism

A

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially

32
Q

Boer

A

A Dutch colonists in south America

33
Q

Boxer rebellion

A

A 1900 revolt in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country

34
Q

Assimilation

A

a policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs

35
Q

Annexation

A

The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit

36
Q

Caudillo

A

A military dictator of a Latin American country

37
Q

Extraterritorial rights

A

An exemption of foreign residents from the laws of a country

38
Q

Geopolitics

A

a foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands

39
Q

Meiji era

A

The period of Japanese history from 1867-1912 during which the country was ruled by emperor Mutsuhito

40
Q

Monroe doctorine

A

A US policy of opposition to European interferences in Latin Americaannounced by president James Monroe in 1823

41
Q

Pacific rim

A

The lands surrounding the Pacific ocean especially those in Asia

42
Q

Paternalism

A

A policy of trading subject people as if they were children providing for their needs but not giving them rights

43
Q

Raj

A

British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of queen Victoria

44
Q

Roosevelt corollary

A

President Roosevelt’s 1904 extension of the Monroe doctorine in which he declared that the United States had the right to exercise “police power” throughout the western hemisphere

45
Q

Sepoy

A

An Indian solider serving under British command

46
Q

Sphere of influence

A

A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities

47
Q

Taiping rebellion

A

A mid 19th century rebellion against the qing dynasty in China led by Hong xiuquan

48
Q

Leopold II

A

Belgium King who commissioned Stanley to help him obtain land in the Congo

49
Q

Shaka

A

Zulu chief who used highly discipline warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state.

50
Q

Menelik II

A

emperor of Ethiopia who modernized Ethiopia by constructing a railroad and weakening the power of the nobility

51
Q

King Mongkut

A

modernized Siam with his son

52
Q

Emilio Aguinaldo

A

leader of the Filipino nationalist who claimed that the US had promised immediate independence after the Spanish-American war

53
Q

Queen Liluokalani

A

Hawaiian ruler who called for a new constitution that would increase her power. last monarch of Hawaii

54
Q

Mutsuhito

A

japans young emperor who seemed to symbolize the country’s sense of pride and nationalism.

55
Q

Jose Marti

A

a writer who was exiled from Cuba by the Spanish and returned to launch a second war for Cuban independence

56
Q

Antonio Lopez De Santa Anna

A

played a leading role in Mexico’s fight for independence from Spain

57
Q

Benito Juarez

A

strongly influenced the politics of Mexico and was Santa Anna’s complete opposite in background and goals

58
Q

Francisco Madero

A

born into ten of Mexico’s 10 richest families and was educated in the US and France

59
Q

“Pancho” Villa

A

he had a bold Robin Hood policy of taking money from the rich and giving it to the poor.

60
Q

Emiliano Zapata

A

strong popular leader who raised a powerful revolutionary army. came from a poor family and was determined to see that the land was returned to the peasants and small farmers

61
Q

Causes and Effects of Imperialism

A

industrial revolution- demand for raw materials and new markets
European Superiority - National rivalry ; social Darwinism
-natural selection in society; non Europeans on a lower level for development
Humanitarians- civilized the natives

62
Q

changes in European control of Africa

A

European dominated africa. Powerful armies were able to keep the europeans out of africa. Europeans could not travel African rivers finally controlled their own trade networks

63
Q

Successful Resistance to Imperialism (Ethiopia Siam Egypt

A

Ethiopia was the only african nation that successfully resisted the Europeans because on Menelik I. Played ItAlians french and British against each other who wanted to bring Ethiopia into their influence. Kept their nation independent

64
Q

Imperialism in Southeast Asia

A

Needfor land raw materials markets for finished goods and social darwinism

65
Q

Differences in Response to westerners by China and Japan

A

China-remained committed to traditional values finally accepted necessity for reform
Japan-considers modernization to be necessary adapts western becomes an empire builder

66
Q

US role in Latin America

A

LA Gaines US military support. When US finished Panama canal became crossroads of world trade.

67
Q

Changes in Mexican Government

A

Meteor opposed by Villa and Zapata so he resigned. General victoriano Huerta took power - Madero assassinated unpopular
Carranzo overthrew Huerta -turned on the revolutionaries

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