Unit 2: Physiology and Health - Key Area 1: Gamete Production and Fertilisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the penis?

A

To insert the sperm into the vagina.

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2
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Release sperm (and urine).

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3
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

Holds the testes.

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4
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

Produces sperm and testosterone.

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5
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicle?

A

Secrete fluids to maintain mobility and viability of sperm.

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6
Q

What is the function of the sperm duct?

A

Transports sperm from the testes to the urethra.

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7
Q

What are sperm?

A

The male gamete.

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8
Q

What cells are sperm produced from?

A

Germline cells

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9
Q

Where are sperm cells produced?

A

In the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

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10
Q

What is the term used that means sperm can swim?

A

Motile

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11
Q

What produces a liquid that allows the sperm to swim in and what is this liquid called?

A

The prostate gland and the seminal vesicle. The liquid is called seminal fluid.

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12
Q

What does seminal fluid and sperm produce

A

Semen

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13
Q

What does the seminal fluid provide the sperm with?

A

Fructose for energy and enzymes to keep the liquid at the correct viscosity.

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14
Q

What would happen if the seminal liquid was not the right viscosity?

A

The sperm would not be able to swim properly.

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15
Q

Along with sperm what do the testes also produce?

A

The male hormone called testosterone.

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16
Q

What type of cell division produces gametes?

A

Meiosis

17
Q

What cells are testosterone produced in?

A

Interstitial cells.

18
Q

Where are the seminiferous tubules in the testes on a diagram?

A

The squiggly lines.

19
Q

Where are the interstitial cells in the testes on a diagram?

A

In between the squiggly lines.

20
Q

What is the function of the vagina?

A

Where sperm is deposited during sexual intercourse.

21
Q

What is the function of the cervix?

A

Muscular ring between vagina and uterus.

22
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A

Where the baby develops during pregnancy.

23
Q

What is the function of the endometrium?

A

Wall of the uterus where the embryo implants.

24
Q

What is the function of the oviduct?

A

Site of fertilisation.

25
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A

Produces and stores ova/eggs.

26
Q

What are ova formed from?

A

Germline cells.

27
Q

Where do ova form?

A

In the ovaries.

28
Q

What do the ovaries contain?

A

Ova at various stages of development.

29
Q

What is each ovum surrounded by and what does this do?

A

Each ovum is surrounded by a follicle which secretes hormones and protects the developing ova.

30
Q

Following the process of ovulation where are mature ova released and what may occur?

A

Following the process of ovulation mature ova are released into the oviduct where fertilisation may occur if sexual intercourse has taken place.

31
Q

What is a fertilised egg/ova known as?

A

A zygote.

32
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

Fertilisation is the fusion of the nucleus from the sperm cell with the nucleus from the ova and it occurs in the oviduct.

33
Q

What does the zygote do after fertilisation?

A

The zygote begins to proliferate into a ball of cells which implants into the endometrium for development.

34
Q

What happens to the ova if fertilisation does not occur?

A

The unfertilised ova passes out the body.

35
Q

What is the purpose of a follicle?

A

To secrete hormones and protect developing ova.

36
Q

What happens at ovulation?

A

Ova are released into the oviduct.

37
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

In the oviduct.

38
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Wall of the uterus where the embryo implants.