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National 5: Chemistry > Unit 2: Nature's Chemistry > Flashcards

Unit 2: Nature's Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Homologous Series

A

Series of molecules with similar chemical properties and which share the same general formula

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2
Q

Alkanes

A

Names all end in -ane

General Formula is CnH2n+2

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3
Q

Alkenes

A

Names all end in -ene

All contain a carbon to carbon double bond (Unsaturated)

Have the general formula CnH2n

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4
Q

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

A

Decolourise bromine water quickly

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5
Q

Cycloalkanes

A

Begin with cyclo- and end with -ane

Have the general formula CnH2n

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6
Q

Combustion Reactions

A

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water

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7
Q

Addition Reactions

A

Double bond of alkene partially breaks, joining to the reactant molecule

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8
Q

Hydrogenation

A

Addition of hydrogen to an alkene, turning it into an alkane

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9
Q

Hydration

A

Addition of water to an alkene

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10
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae

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11
Q

Exothermic Reaction

A

Releases Heat Energy

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12
Q

Endothermic Reaction

A

Take in Heat Energy

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13
Q

Alkanols - Functional Group

A

Hydroxyl (OH)

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14
Q

Alkanols - General Formula

A

CnH2n+1OH

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15
Q

Alkanols - Naming

A

Ends in -anol

Number of carbon with hydroxyl group attached is lowest (butan-1-ol)

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16
Q

Alkanols - Properties

A

Highly Flammable

Boiling points increase with size of molecule as inter-molecular forces increase

17
Q

Alkanols - Reactions

A

Combustion: Alkanol + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water

Condensation with carboxylic acids to make esters

18
Q

Alkanols - Uses

A

Alcoholic Drinks (Ethanol)

Fuels (All Alcohols) - Methanol + Ethanol very clean burning

Solvents

Making Esters

19
Q

Carboxylic Acids - Functional Group

A

Carboxyl

-COOH

20
Q

Carboxylic Acids - Naming

A
  • oic acid
    eg. ethanoic acid (vinegar)
  • *Carbon within carboxylate always number 1*
21
Q

Carboxylic Acids - General Formula

A

CnH2n+1COOH

22
Q

Carboxylic Acids - Properties

A

Boiling point increases with size due to increasing intermolecular forces

23
Q

Carboxylic Acids - Reactions

A

Same as all Acids

Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen

Base + Acid → Water + Salt

Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water

Ethanoic Acid → Ethanoate (CH3COO-)

Condensation Reaction with alcohols to make esters

24
Q

Carboxylic Acids - Uses

A

Cleaning Products (Limescale Remover)

Preservative

25
Q

Esters

A

Made from alcohol + carboxylic acid

26
Q

Esters - Naming

A

Alkyl (alcohol) Alkanoate (acid)

27
Q

Esters - Uses

A

Flavourings

Fragrances

Solvents

National 5: Chemistry (3 decks)

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