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Nat 5 Biology > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are tissues

A

A group of similar cells that work together for a particular function

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2
Q

What are organs

A

A structure made of a group of tissues working together to perfoerm a function

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3
Q

Name 3 facts about stem cells

A

They are in specialized cells in animals
They can divide and become specialized cells by variation
Stem cells are needed for growth and repair

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4
Q

Name the 10 places you can find stem cells

A

Brain, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, peripheral blood, bone marrow, teeth, skin, heart, liver, gut

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5
Q

What are meristems

A

Sites of cell division in plants

Eg root and shoot tips

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6
Q

What can unspecified meristems do

A

Grow into specialized plant cells eg xylem

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7
Q

Name the three parts of the central nervous system

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerve cells

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8
Q

Name the three parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla

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9
Q

State the function of the cerebrum

A

Controls memory, personality and conscious thought

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10
Q

State the function of cerebellum

A

Controls balance and coordination

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11
Q

State the function of the medulla

A

Controls heart rate and breathing rate

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12
Q

What’s is a reflex arc

A

The sequence of neurons a nervous impulse passes through to cause a reflex action

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13
Q

What is the order of neurons In a reflex arc?

A

Sensory, relay, motor

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14
Q

What is a reflex action

A

A rapid automatic response to a stimulus

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15
Q

What’s the sequence in reflex action

A

Sense receptor, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron, effector(muscle)

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16
Q

What is a synapse and what happens

A

A gap between two neurons

Signals are passed across this junction by chemical messengers called neortansmitters

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17
Q

How do signals travel along nerves

A

By electrical impulses

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18
Q

Name three facts about hormones

A

Chemical messengers
Made by endocrine glands
Transported around the body by the blood

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19
Q

Which 6 places in e body do you find endocrine glands

A

Testis, ovary, pancreas, adrenal, thyroid, pituitary

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20
Q

Why is glucose needed

A

To make ATP

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21
Q

What controls levels of glucose in the blood

A

Hormones insulin and glucagon

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22
Q

When is glucagon produced

A

When glucose is gone

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23
Q

When controlling glucose levels in high blood pressure, what are the 4 stages

A

Too much glucose in blood
pancreas produces more insulin
Increase glucose uptake by cells and glycogen formation
Blood glucose levels decrease

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24
Q

When controlling glucose levels in low blood pressure, what are the 4 stages

A

Too little glucose in blood
Pancreas,produces more glucagon
Breakdown of glycogen in liver
Blood glucose levels increase

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25
Q

What are all sex cells known as

A

Gametes

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26
Q

Name 4 facts about sperm

A

Small
Has tail to swim
Many produced
Contains nucleus

27
Q

Name 4 facts about female eggs

A

Large
Less produced
Contains nucleus
Contains food source

28
Q

When does sexual reproduction occur

A

When generic information from two sexes are combined

29
Q

When does fertilization occur

A

When the nucleus of a male gamete fuses with nucleus of female gamete

30
Q

What is the cell produced when a male and female gamete fuse called

A

Zygote

31
Q

Name the 5 parts of femal reproductive organs

A

Ovary, cervix, vagina, uterus, oviduct

32
Q

Explain function of the ovary

A

Produces eggs

33
Q

Explain function of oviduct

A

Tube which links ovary to uterus, site of fertilization

34
Q

Explain function of uterus

A

Holds baby until it’s mature enough for birth

35
Q

Explain function of vagina

A

Receives penis during sexual intercourse

36
Q

Name the 4 parts of male reproductive organs

A

Testes, sperm duct, penis, scrotum

37
Q

Function of testes

A

Produce hormones and sperm

38
Q

Function of sperm duct

A

Fluid gets added to sperm

39
Q

Function of penis

A

Erect during sexual intercourse to deliver semen into vagina effectively

40
Q

Function of scrotum

A

Contains the testes and acts as climate control

41
Q

Name the 7 parts of a flower

A

Petals, stigma, filament, anther, ovary, nectary, sepal

42
Q

Explain pollination

A

The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma

43
Q

What are specialized cells

A

Cells which each have a particular structure for a specific job

44
Q

State 4 facts about insect pollinated plants

A

Bright color
Smell
Produces nectar
Stricky stigma and pollen

45
Q

Name 4 facts about wind pollinated plants

A

Dull
No smell or nectar
Stigma is like a net
Pollen is light

46
Q

Explain continuos variation

A

A wide range of values between two extremes eg height

47
Q

Explain distinct variation

A

There are distinct groups with no values in between eg eye color

48
Q

Define chromosomes

A

Large pieces of DNA

49
Q

Define genes

A

Section of chromosomes which codes for a characteristic

50
Q

Define allele

A

Different forms of a gene

51
Q

Define dominant

A

Allen whose effect always shows in the phenotype

52
Q

Define recessive gene

A

Allele whose effect is always hidden in the phenotype

53
Q

Define homozygous

A

Alleles in genotype are the same eg BB or bb

54
Q

Define heterozygous

A

Alleles in gemstones are different

55
Q

Define phenotype

A

The appearance of an organism

56
Q

Define genotype

A

The alleles an organism has for a particular characteristic

57
Q

Define polygenic

A

A characteristic controlled by more than one pair of genes

58
Q

Name three things the circulatory system is made up of

A

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood

59
Q

Define allele

A

Different forms of a gene

60
Q

Define dominant

A

Allele whose effect always shows in phenotype

61
Q

Define recessive

A

Alleles whose effect is always hidden in phenotype

62
Q

Define homozygous

A

Alleles in genotype are the same

63
Q

Define heterozygous

A

Alleles in gentotype are different

64
Q

Define phenotype

A

The appearance of an organism

Nat 5 Biology (2 decks)

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