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Flashcards in Unit 1 Test Deck (50)
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1
Q

a long-lasting pattern of organization in a community

A

institution

2
Q

a member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water

A

nomad

3
Q

a period in human history, beginning around 3000 B.C. in some areas, during which people began using bronze, rather then copper or stone, to fashion tools and weapons

A

Bronze Age

4
Q

a farming method in which people clear fields by cutting and burning trees and grasses, the ashes of which serve to fertilize soil

A

slash-and-burn farming

5
Q

a member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods

A

hunter-gatherer

6
Q

the development of skills in a particular kind of work, such as trading or record keeping

A

specialization

7
Q

a human-made object, such as a tool, weapon, or piece of jewelry

A

artifact

8
Q

a member of a biological group including human beings and related species that walk upright

A

hominid

9
Q

the way in which people apply knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs

A

technology

10
Q

a system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols, invented by the Sumerians

A

cuneiform

11
Q

a form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology

A

civilization

12
Q

a skilled worker, such as a weaver or potter, who makes goods by hand

A

artisan

13
Q

a prehistoric period that began about 8000 B.C. and in some areas ended as early as 3000 B.C., during which people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals - also called the New Stone Age

A

Neolithic Age

14
Q

a people’s unique way of life, as shown by its tools, customs, arts, and ideas

A

culture

15
Q

one of the professional record keepers in early civilization

A

scribe

16
Q

a prehistoric period that lasted from about 2,500,000 to 8000 B.C., during which people made use of crude stone tools and weapons - also called the Old Stone Age

A

Paleolithic Age

17
Q

the taming of animals for human use

A

domestication

18
Q

a form of trade in which people exchange goods and services without the use of money

A

barter

19
Q

a tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a Sumerian temple

A

ziggurat

20
Q

the biological species to which modern human beings belong

A

homo sapiens

21
Q

How did the Cro-Magnon’s new tools make survival easier?

A

The new tools increased their food supply.

22
Q

What factors played a role in the origins of agriculture?

A

The factors were tools, farming, and domestication.

23
Q

What were the first crops grown in the Americas?

A

corn, beans, and squash

24
Q

an arc of rich farmland in Southwest Asia, between the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea

A

Fertile Crescent

25
Q

rivers of the Fertile Crescent that frame the Mesopotamian civilization

A

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

26
Q

region of the Fertile Crescent where the first civilization arose and the first empire arose

A

Mesopotamia

27
Q

a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit

A

city-state

28
Q

a series of rulers from a single family

A

dynasty

29
Q

the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another

A

cultural diffusion

30
Q

a belief in many gods

A

polytheism

31
Q

a political unit in which a number of people or countries are controlled by a single ruler

A

empire

32
Q

Babylonian emperor who created the first written set of laws

A

Hammurabi

33
Q

city in Mesopotamia that became an important capital

A

Babylon

34
Q

a marshy region formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river

A

delta

35
Q

pharaoh given credit for uniting Upper and Lower Egypt

A

Narmer (Menes)

36
Q

a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader

A

pharaoh

37
Q

a government in which the ruler is views as a divine figure

A

theocracy

38
Q

a massive structure with a rectangular base and four triangular sides, like those that were built in Egypt as burial places for Old Kingdom pharaohs

A

pyramid

39
Q

a process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying

A

mummification

40
Q

an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sound

A

hieroglyphics

41
Q

a tall reed that grows in the Nile delta, used by the ancient Egyptians to make a paper-like-material for writing on

A

papyrus

42
Q

river whose regular flood cycles helped Egyptian civilization

A

Nile River

43
Q

Which of the problems required the most complex solution?

A

The problem was the flooding and the solution was irrigation ditches.

44
Q

What were the three environmental challenges to Sumerians?

A

flooding, no natural barriers, and little to no natural resources

45
Q

How did the Sumerians view the gods?

A

the Sumerians were polytheistic and they believed that their gods could control anything

46
Q

What areas of life did Hammurabi’s Code cover?

A

rules, judgements, and laws

47
Q

Which of the Egyptian achievements do you consider the most important?

A

The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt was most important because they could share resources.

48
Q

How did being surrounded by deserts benefit Egypt?

A

it allowed natural barriers

49
Q

How did the Egyptians view the pharaoh?

A

The pharaoh was believed to be as powerful as a god.

50
Q

Why did Egyptians mummify bodies?

A

to preserve them