UNIT 1 Human Geo Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in UNIT 1 Human Geo Deck (78)
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1
Q

place

A

a PLACE is a specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic. Every place occupies a unique location, or position, on Earth’s surface.

2
Q

region

A

a REGION is an area on earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics.

3
Q

scale

A

SCALE is the relationship between the portion of earth being studied and Earth as a whole

4
Q

space

A

SPACE refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects

5
Q

connection

A

CONNECTION refers to relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space

6
Q

map

A

two-dimensional, or flat, scale model of Earth’s surface, or a portion of it

7
Q

cartography

A

the science of mapmaking

8
Q

global positioning system (GPS)

A

the system that determines the precise position of something on Earth

9
Q

mental map

A

personal representation of a portion of Earth’s surface

10
Q

geotagging

A

identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates

11
Q

geographic information science (GIScience)

A

analysis of data about Earth’s acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies

12
Q

geographic information system (GIS)

A

captures, strokes, queries, and displays the geographic data

13
Q

remote sensing

A

the acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods

14
Q

Volunteered geographic information (VGI)

A

creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals

15
Q

citizen science

A

scientific research by amateur scientists

16
Q

participatory GIS (PGIS)

A

community-based mapping

17
Q

mashup

A

map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service, such as Google Maps, or Google Earth

18
Q

map scale

A

refers to the relationship of a feature’s size on a map to its actual size on Earth

19
Q

projection

A

the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map

20
Q

meridian

A

an arc drawn between the North and South poles

21
Q

longitude

A

a number system according to a meridian

22
Q

parallel

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

23
Q

latitude

A

The numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel

24
Q

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

A

time at the prime meridian, is the master reference time for all points on Earth

25
Q

International Date Line

A

when you pass this you move back 24 hours, or a while day

26
Q

location

A

the position that something occupies on earths surface

27
Q

toponym

A

the name given to the place on Earth

28
Q

site

A

describing physical character of a place

29
Q

situation

A

location of a place relative to other places

30
Q

cultural landscape

A

a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegitation

31
Q

formal region (uniform region)

A

area within everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics

32
Q

functional region (nodal region)

A

area organized around a node or focal point

33
Q

vernacular region (perceptual region)

A

an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

34
Q

culture

A

the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people

35
Q

spatial association

A

occurs within a region if the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature

36
Q

globalization

A

a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope

37
Q

transnational corporation

A

conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principle shareholders are located

38
Q

distribution

A

the arrangement of a feature in space

39
Q

concentration

A

the extent of a feature’s spread of space

40
Q

pattern

A

the geometric arrangement of objects in space

41
Q

poststructuralist geography

A

examines how powerful in a society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space, and the confrontations that result from the dominations

42
Q

humanistic geography

A

a branch of human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meaning

43
Q

behavioral geography

A

emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space

44
Q

uneven development

A

the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy

45
Q

assimilation

A

the process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

46
Q

acculturation

A

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups

47
Q

syncretism

A

the combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature

48
Q

diffusion

A

process by which a feature spread across space from one place to another over time

49
Q

hearth

A

a place from which an innovation originates

50
Q

relocation diffusion

A

the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another

51
Q

expansion diffusion

A

the spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process

52
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places

53
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population

54
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

55
Q

network

A

a chain of communication that connects places

56
Q

distance decay

A

the farther away you are from someone, the less likely you are to interact

57
Q

space-time compression

A

geographers apply this to describe the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place

58
Q

resource

A

substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technological feasible to access, and socially acceptable to use

59
Q

sustainability

A

the use of earth’s resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future

60
Q

renewable resource

A

produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans

61
Q

nonrenewable resource

A

produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans

62
Q

conservation

A

that sustainable use and management of earth’s resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine, and recreation

63
Q

preservation

A

the maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible

64
Q

biotic

A

composed of living organisms

65
Q

abiotic

A

composed of nonliving or inorganic matter

66
Q

atmosphere

A

thin layer of gases surrounding the Earth

67
Q

hydrosphere

A

all water on and near earth’s surface

68
Q

lithosphere

A

earth’s crust and a portion of earth’s mantel directly below earth’s crust

69
Q

biosphere

A

all living organisms on earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms

70
Q

climate

A

the long-term average weather condition at a particular location

71
Q

ecosystem

A

a group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact

72
Q

ecology

A

the study of ecosystems

73
Q

erosion

A

occurs when soil washed away in the rain or blows away in the wind

74
Q

depletion of nutrients

A

nutrients are depleted when plants withdraw more resources than natural processes can replace

75
Q

cultural ecology

A

the geographic study of human-environment relationships

76
Q

environmental determinism

A

belief that the physical environment caused social development

77
Q

possibilism

A

the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment

78
Q

polder

A

a piece of land that is created by draining water from an area