Unit 1: Chapter R and 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 1: Chapter R and 1 Deck (23)
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1
Q

SI Units

A

standard international

2
Q

mass

A

kg

3
Q

length

A

meter (m)

4
Q

time

A

seconds (s)

5
Q

temperature

A

Kelvin (K)

6
Q

Kelvin

A
  • 0 Kelvin= absolute zero

- K= C + 273

7
Q

M

A
  • mega
  • 10 to the power of 6
  • x million
8
Q

K

A
  • kilo
  • 10 to the power of 3
  • x thousand
9
Q

c

A
  • centi
  • 10..-2
  • one hundredth
10
Q

m

A
  • milli
  • 10..-3
  • one thousandth
11
Q

μ

A

-micro
-10..-6
one millionth

12
Q

n

A
  • nano
  • 10..-9
  • one billionth
13
Q

Sig Figs

A
  • Significant Figures
    1. All non-zero numbers are sig figs
    2. A zero between non zero numbers is a sig fig (101)
    3. A zero after a non zero number may be a sig fig
  • ADD/SUB= keep the least amount of sig figs after the decimal point
  • MULT/DIV= keep the least amount of sig figs in your final answer
  • put units!!
14
Q

density

A
  • property for a pure substance that will never change
  • d=m/v (mass/volume)\
  • density unit= g/mL; g/cm; kg/L
15
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A
  1. elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. (false= protons and neutrons are smaller than atoms)
  2. atoms of the same element are identical (false= isotopes= atoms that have the same numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons)
  3. Combination of elements (atoms) form a compound
    - Law of Definite proportions= 1:1 ratio when elements combine (ex; NaCl always 1:1)
    - Law of Multiple Proportions= ratio can change (smaller or larger) (ex; NO, N2O5)
  4. chemical reactions occur due to the rearrangement of atoms
16
Q

Thompson’s model of the atom

A
  • plum pudding model

- protons and electrons jumbled inside the atom

17
Q

Rutherford’s model of atom

A
  • electrons surrounding it
  • nucleus= protons and neutrons
  • experiment= atom in center w/ gold foil surrounding it
  • bean of alpha particles (positive charged) hit the atom
  • most of them passed through (empty space)
  • some reflected (hit another proton)
  • huge positive charge in nucleus
18
Q

Atomic mass/mass number

A

-number of protons and neutrons

19
Q

atomic number

A

-number of protons

20
Q

protons

A

-subatomic particle with a positive charge

21
Q

electrons

A

-subatomic particle with a negative charge

22
Q

neutrons

A

-subatomic particle with no charge

23
Q

isotopes

A
  • atoms with the same atomic number but different mass number