Unit 1 Chapter 16 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 1 Chapter 16 Deck (18)
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1
Q

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes staph infections in hospitals. How do bacteria gain resistance to an antibiotic?
a. Treatment with an antibiotic causes the bacteria to mutate to adapt to the antibiotic.
b. The antibiotic stimulates the growth of bacterial cells.
c. Some of the bacteria already have a mutation that confers resistance to the antibiotic,
allowing them to survive and pass on the advantageous gene to their offspring.
d. The hospital environment causes the bacteria to mutate.

A

c

2
Q

A population is ______________.

a. a species and its interaction with its environment
b. the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem
c. an individual organism and its niche
d. a group of interbreeding individuals that live in the same place at the same time and have the capacity to produce fertile offspring

A

d

3
Q

The allele frequency of a population is the __________________.

a. number of all alleles in that population.
b. relative proportion of a given allele in that population.
c. sum of all genes in that population.
d. number of different types of alleles in that population.

A

b

4
Q

How might different versions of the same gene (alleles) be expressed at the level of the organism?

a. As identical genotypes
b. As different phenotypes
c. As identical traits
d. As chromatin or a chromosome

A

b

5
Q

Populations of organisms are constantly evolving, which means that they are always

a. improving.
b. at equilibrium.
c. becoming more like humans.
d. getting bigger.
e. changing.

A

e

6
Q

Evolutionary change occurs in association with all of the following except _____.

a. mutations
b. gene flow
c. small population size
d. random mating

A

d

7
Q

How is evolutionary equilibrium maintained within a population?

a. By mutations causing a change in DNA makeup
b. By only a few mutations occurring, causing population members to differ from each other
c. By new alleles being produced that influence genetic traits
d. By no occurrences of mutations taking place within a population

A

d

8
Q

Two populations of gorillas, one living in the mountains and one living in the valley, no longer mate or exchange alleles in their gene pools. What can happen?

a. With no gene flow, the two populations will remain identical with each other.
b. With no gene flow, the two populations may become so different that they become different species.
c. With no gene flow, each population will have an increased number of mutations.
d. With no gene flow, the two populations will express their alleles or show their traits differently.

A

b

9
Q

Why does genetic drift affect a small population more than it affects a large population?

a. A small population will be left with more allele variations.
b. A chance event is more likely to eliminate an allele from a small population, leaving it with reduced allelic variation.
c. Genetic drift always kills off small populations.
d. A small population will experience gene flow.

A

b

10
Q

Why do many purebred German shepherds, golden retrievers, and Doberman pinschers have hip dysplasia and related joint disorders?

a. Breeding is random.
b. Breeding is not random.
c. They are from a small population.
d. They are from a large population.

A

b

11
Q

Why is natural selection also called “survival of the fittest”?

a. The strongest organisms will always survive.
b. Those organisms with the most advantageous traits must mate.
c. Individuals with advantageous traits survive to pass the traits on to their offspring.
d. There is an origin of the species.

A

c

12
Q

Newts of the genus Taricha are poisonous, deterring their predators from eating them. The common garter snake, a predator, has evolved a resistance to the newt toxins. This situation is an example of _____.

a. competition
b. natural selection
c. sexual selection
d. coevolution

A

d

13
Q

A farmer uses insecticide but still gets crop damage. Many of the targeted insects have developed insecticide resistance. What mode of natural selection has occurred?

a. Directional selection
b. Stabilizing selection
c. Artificial selection
d. Coevolution

A

a

14
Q

In an island population of birds, the large birds eat the only seeds available, which are large, and the small birds feed on flower nectar. The medium-sized birds have a hard time eating both the seeds and the nectar. What mode of natural selection has occurred?

a. Directional selection
b. Stabilizing selection
c. Disruptive selection
d. Coevolution

A

c

15
Q

Within a large population, if no mutations occur, no migration occurs, all matings are random, and each individual has an equal chance of reproducing, which of the following will probably happen?

a. Extinction will result.
b. A bottleneck will occur.
c. Natural selection will occur at the normal rate for that species.
d. A change in allele frequency will lead to rapid evolution.
e. No evolution will occur.

A

e

16
Q

Suppose that 16% of a population exhibits a recessive phenotype. What does this 16%, as a decimal, represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

a. p2
b. 2pq
c. q2
d. p

A

c

17
Q

If q 0.4 and p 0.6 for a population, then 2pq _____.

a. 0.6
b. 0.24
c. 0.36
d. 0.48

A

d

18
Q

If q 0.4, p 0.6, and 2pq 0.48 for a population, then the Hardy-Weinberg equation must add up to ____.

a. 1
b. 0.24
c. 0.36
d. 0.48

A

a